Bywaters Michael, Andrade Jackie, Turpin Graham
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, UK.
Memory. 2004 Jul;12(4):479-88. doi: 10.1080/09658210444000160.
This study investigated the influence of emotion on vividness of imagery. A total of 80 undergraduate participants saw 25 pictures from the International Affective Picture System, representing different dimensions of valence and arousal. They rated each stimulus for valence, arousal, and emotionality. Each stimulus was then presented again, and participants formed an image of it, rating the image for vividness, valence, arousal, and emotionality. During a 15-minute retention interval, participants completed several individual differences questionnaires. They then recalled each image from a verbal prompt and re-rated its quality. Slides rated as extremely valenced and highly arousing were more vividly imaged than neutral slides. Low mood was also associated with more vivid imagery. The influence of stimulus variables was greater in the immediate imagery phase; that of individual differences tended to be greater in the delayed imagery phase. Of 29 participants, 7 reported intrusive memories of highly unpleasant stimuli at 1 year follow-up.
本研究调查了情绪对意象生动性的影响。共有80名本科参与者观看了来自国际情感图片系统的25张图片，这些图片代表了效价和唤醒的不同维度。他们对每个刺激的效价、唤醒和情感程度进行评分。然后再次呈现每个刺激，参与者对其形成意象，并对该意象的生动性、效价、唤醒和情感程度进行评分。在15分钟的保持间隔期间，参与者完成了几份个体差异问卷。然后，他们根据言语提示回忆每个意象，并重新评估其质量。被评为具有极高效价和高唤醒度的幻灯片比中性幻灯片的意象更生动。情绪低落也与更生动的意象有关。刺激变量的影响在即时意象阶段更大；个体差异的影响在延迟意象阶段往往更大。在29名参与者中，7人在1年随访时报告了对高度不愉快刺激的侵入性记忆。
