Engelmann Mario, Ludwig Mike
Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Institut für Medizinische Neurobiologie, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120, Germany.
Stress. 2004 Jun;7(2):91-6. doi: 10.1080/10253890410001677240.
The present mini review focuses on stress-induced alterations of the electrical and secretory activity of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) neurones originating within the supraoptic nucleus (SON) and constituting the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system (HNS) in the male rat. Previously, it was thought that SON neurones are predominantly activated by osmotic and reproductive stimuli. However, recent findings also suggest a selective activation of AVP and/or OXT neurones in response to specific stressors. Inhibitory amino acids seem to participate at the level of the SON in the control of HNS activity during stress. Taurine, probably of glial origin, selectively inhibits the secretory activity of AVP neurones. In contrast, GABA, probably of neuronal origin, interferes with the release of OXT both from axon terminals into blood and from somata/dendrites into the extracellular fluid of the SON. Depending upon whether a defined stressor triggers taurine and/or GABA release within the SON the secretion of AVP and/or OXT from HNS neurones will be inhibited. These observations shed new light on the neurone-neurone and glial-neurone interactions that ensure an appropriate neuroendocrine stress response.
本小型综述聚焦于雄性大鼠视上核（SON）内起源并构成下丘脑 - 神经垂体系统（HNS）的加压素（AVP）和催产素（OXT）神经元的电活动和分泌活动的应激诱导变化。此前，人们认为SON神经元主要由渗透压和生殖刺激激活。然而，最近的研究结果还表明，特定应激源可选择性激活AVP和/或OXT神经元。抑制性氨基酸似乎在应激期间参与SON水平对HNS活动的控制。牛磺酸可能起源于神经胶质，选择性抑制AVP神经元的分泌活动。相反，γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）可能起源于神经元，干扰OXT从轴突终末释放到血液以及从胞体/树突释放到SON的细胞外液中。根据特定应激源是否触发SON内牛磺酸和/或GABA的释放，HNS神经元中AVP和/或OXT的分泌将受到抑制。这些观察结果为确保适当神经内分泌应激反应的神经元 - 神经元和神经胶质 - 神经元相互作用提供了新的见解。
