Wagenmakers Eric-Jan, Zeelenberg René, Steyvers Mark, Shiffrin Richard, Raaijmakers Jeroen
Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 2004 Oct;57(7):1191-210. doi: 10.1080/02724980343000729.
We tested and confirmed the hypothesis that the prior presentation of nonwords in lexical decision is the net result of two opposing processes: (1) a relatively fast inhibitory process based on global familiarity; and (2) a relatively slow facilitatory process based on the retrieval of specific episodic information. In three studies, we manipulated speed-stress to influence the balance between the two processes. Experiment 1 showed item-specific improvement for repeated nonwords in a standard "respond-when-ready" lexical decision task. Experiment 2 used a 400-ms deadline procedure and showed performance for nonwords to be unaffected by up to four prior presentations. In Experiment 3 we used a signal-to-respond procedure with variable time intervals and found negative repetition priming for repeated nonwords. These results can be accounted for by dual-process models of lexical decision.
在词汇判断任务中，非词的先前呈现是两个相反过程的最终结果：（1）基于整体熟悉度的相对快速的抑制过程；（2）基于特定情景信息检索的相对缓慢的促进过程。在三项研究中，我们通过操纵速度压力来影响这两个过程之间的平衡。实验1在标准的“准备好就做出反应”词汇判断任务中展示了重复非词的项目特异性改善。实验2采用了400毫秒的最后期限程序，并表明非词的表现不受多达四次先前呈现的影响。在实验3中，我们使用了具有可变时间间隔的信号反应程序，并发现重复非词存在负重复启动效应。这些结果可以用词汇判断的双过程模型来解释。
