Kwack Seung Jun, Kim Soon Sun, Choi Yo Woo, Rhee Gyu Seek, Da Lee Rhee, Seok Ji Hyun, Chae Soo Yeong, Won Yong Hyuck, Lim Kwon Jo, Choi Kwang Sik, Park Kui Lea, Lee Byung Mu
Department of Toxicology, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, Korea.
J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2004 Dec;67(23-24):2001-11. doi: 10.1080/15287390490514651.
3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a food contaminant that is often found in foods containing acid-hydrolyzed (AH) protein, like seasonings and savory food products. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of 3-MCPD on male fertility, sperm, and hormonal levels and its antifertility mechanism. In vivo male fertility testing was performed to observe the adverse effects of 3-MCPD on the functioning of the male reproductive system and pregnancy outcome. 3-MCPD (0.01-5 mg/kg) was administered daily by gavage to Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats for 4 wk. At the end of the pretreatment period, male rats were mated overnight with untreated females. Males successfully inducing pregnancy were sacrificed to assess sperm parameters, reproductive organ histopathology, and spermatogenesis. The resulting pregnant females were sacrificed on 20 of gestation to evaluate pregnancy outcome. The paternal administration of 3-MCPD (5 mg/kg) was found to result in adverse effects on male fertility and pregnancy outcome without inducing remarkable histopathological changes in testes and epididymides. Additionally, 3-MCPD (5 mg/kg) significantly reduced sperm motility, copulation, fertility indices, and the number of live fetuses showed steep dose-response curves. 3-MCPD did not affect spermatogenesis or induce hormonal changes in the blood and testes of male rats. An in vitro hormone assay using primary isolated Leydig cells showed no significant changes in related hormone levels after 3-MCPD treatment. To evaluate the effects of 3-MCPD on apoptotic induction and H+-ATPase levels in the testis and epididymis, 10 or 100 mg/kg of 3-MCPD was administered by gavage to male rats and testes and epididymides were examined at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h later. Apoptosis was not detected in the testes of animals treated with 100 mg/kg 3-MCPD. However, the level of H+-ATPase in the cauda epididymis was reduced by 3-MCPD treatment. These results indicate that 3-MCPD induced a spermatotoxic effect, which was mediated by reduced H+-ATPase expression in the cauda epididymis, and suggest that an altered pH level in the cauda epididymis might lead to a disruption of sperm maturation and the acquisition of motility.
3-一氯-1,2-丙二醇（3-MCPD）是一种食品污染物，常见于含有酸水解（AH）蛋白的食品中，如调味料和咸味食品。本研究的目的是调查3-MCPD对雄性生育能力、精子和激素水平的影响及其抗生育机制。进行体内雄性生育力测试，以观察3-MCPD对雄性生殖系统功能和妊娠结局的不利影响。将3-MCPD（0.01 - 5毫克/千克）每日经口灌胃给予斯普拉格-道利（SD）雄性大鼠，持续4周。在预处理期结束时，雄性大鼠与未处理的雌性大鼠过夜交配。成功诱导怀孕的雄性大鼠被处死，以评估精子参数、生殖器官组织病理学和精子发生情况。将 resulting pregnant females were sacrificed on 20 of gestation to evaluate pregnancy outcome. 发现父本给予3-MCPD（5毫克/千克）会对雄性生育能力和妊娠结局产生不利影响，但不会在睾丸和附睾中引起明显的组织病理学变化。此外，3-MCPD（5毫克/千克）显著降低精子活力、交配、生育指数，并且活胎数量呈陡峭的剂量反应曲线。3-MCPD对雄性大鼠的精子发生没有影响，也不会诱导血液和睾丸中的激素变化。使用原代分离的睾丸间质细胞进行的体外激素测定显示，3-MCPD处理后相关激素水平没有显著变化。为了评估3-MCPD对睾丸和附睾中凋亡诱导和H + -ATP酶水平的影响，将10或100毫克/千克的3-MCPD经口灌胃给予雄性大鼠，并在3、6、12和24小时后检查睾丸和附睾。在给予100毫克/千克3-MCPD的动物睾丸中未检测到凋亡。然而，3-MCPD处理降低了附睾尾部的H + -ATP酶水平。这些结果表明，3-MCPD诱导了精子毒性作用，这是由附睾尾部H + -ATP酶表达降低介导的，并表明附睾尾部pH值的改变可能导致精子成熟和运动能力获得的破坏。 （注：原文中“resulting pregnant females were sacrificed on 20 of gestation to evaluate pregnancy outcome.”表述有误，推测可能是“at 20 days of gestation”，翻译时按此修正后翻译。）
