Marttunen Mika, Vehanen Teppo
Finnish Environment Institute, P.O. Box 140, FIN-00251, Helsinki, Finland.
Environ Manage. 2004 Jun;33(6):840-54. doi: 10.1007/s00267-003-3021-7.
We applied the adaptive management approach to analyze the demand and feasibility of adaptive management of fish stocks in a large regulated lake, Oulujärvi, in northern Finland. The process consisted of four phases: (1) analysis of the current state of the fisheries system (fishers, related markets and industry, fisheries researches and authorities, related organizations, etc.); (2) analysis of the objectives of different stakeholders; (3) the composition of alternative management strategies and assessment of their impacts; and (4) recommendations for future management. We used catch statistics from the period 1973-1995 to analyze fish stocks and fishing. Fish species involved were brown trout (Salmo trutta L.), whitefish [Coregonus lavaretus (L.) sl.], vendace (Coregonus albula L.); and pikeperch (Stizostedion lucioperca L.). Questionnaires and interviews were applied to ascertain the opinions of different groups of fishermen. Several models and cost-benefit analysis were used to assess the ecological, economic, and social impacts of three alternative management strategies. The results emphasize that when determining stocking levels and fishing regulations, the system should be considered as a whole, and impacts on major fish species and different groups of fishermen should be assessed. The stocking policy and fishing regulations should also be flexible to accommodate changing biotic and societal conditions. The key questions in applying the adaptive management process in Oulujärvi fisheries are how to determine clear objectives for fisheries management, find a fisheries management structure that provides workable interactions between different stakeholders, and arrange cost-effective monitoring. The lessons learned from the Oulujärvi experience and recommendations for fisheries management are relevant to other lakes with conflicting objectives of different stakeholders.
我们采用适应性管理方法，分析了芬兰北部大型人工湖奥卢耶尔维湖鱼类种群适应性管理的需求和可行性。该过程包括四个阶段：（1）渔业系统现状分析（渔民、相关市场与产业、渔业研究与管理部门、相关组织等）；（2）不同利益相关者目标分析；（3）备选管理策略的制定及其影响评估；（4）未来管理建议。我们利用1973 - 1995年期间的捕捞统计数据来分析鱼类种群和捕捞情况。涉及的鱼类品种有褐鳟（Salmo trutta L.）、白鲑[Coregonus lavaretus (L.) sl.]、湖拟鲤（Coregonus albula L.）和梭鲈（Stizostedion lucioperca L.）。通过问卷调查和访谈来确定不同渔民群体的意见。运用了几种模型和成本效益分析来评估三种备选管理策略的生态、经济和社会影响。结果强调，在确定放养鱼苗数量和捕捞规定时，应将整个系统视为一个整体，并评估对主要鱼类品种和不同渔民群体的影响。放养鱼苗政策和捕捞规定也应具有灵活性，以适应不断变化的生物和社会条件。在奥卢耶尔维湖渔业应用适应性管理过程中的关键问题是，如何确定明确的渔业管理目标，找到一个能在不同利益相关者之间产生有效互动的渔业管理结构，并安排具有成本效益的监测。从奥卢耶尔维湖经验中吸取的教训以及对渔业管理的建议，对其他存在不同利益相关者目标冲突的湖泊具有借鉴意义。
