Reich James, Hofmann Stefan G
Departments of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, California, USA.
Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2004 Jul-Sep;16(3):139-44. doi: 10.1080/10401230490486936.
To examine the effects of state on personality disorder characteristics, we compared individuals with social phobia before and after psychological intervention. Administration of the Personality Disorder Questionnaire (PDQ-4) before and after treatment allowed for the identification of three groups of patients: (1) individuals who showed elevated PDQ-4 scores but little changes from intake to post treatment (Trait PD group; n = 28); (2) individuals who showed a decrease in PDQ-4 scores from intake to post treatment (State group; n = 33); and (3) a group with no significant personality disorder characteristics at pre or post-treatment (No PD group; n = 32). There were trend differences between the Trait, State and No PD groups for being single, never married (81.5%, 44.4%, and 56.3%, p < .05) and a significant difference for having the generalized form of Social Phobia (96.4%, 88.9%, and 59.4%, p < .0001). The groups also differed in their level of trait anxiety (61.6, 51.2, 44.5, p < .001). Groups also differed in level of the personality measure Harm Avoidance (26.3, 23.3, 19.8, p < .0002). The reduction of personality disorder traits in the State PD groups from intake to post-treatment was not specific to any particular personality disorder or personality disorder cluster. Trait personality appeared to have a higher risk for suicide compared to the other two groups. A State Personality group was identified in individuals with social phobia by following changes in personality pathology from before and after a psychological intervention.
为了研究状态对人格障碍特征的影响，我们比较了心理干预前后社交恐惧症患者的情况。通过在治疗前后使用人格障碍问卷（PDQ-4），确定了三组患者：（1）PDQ-4得分较高但从治疗开始到结束变化不大的个体（特质性人格障碍组；n = 28）；（2）从治疗开始到结束PDQ-4得分降低的个体（状态性人格障碍组；n = 33）；以及（3）治疗前后无明显人格障碍特征的一组（无人格障碍组；n = 32）。特质性人格障碍组、状态性人格障碍组和无人格障碍组在单身、从未结婚方面存在趋势差异（81.5%、44.4%和56.3%，p < 0.05），在患有广泛性社交恐惧症方面存在显著差异（96.4%、88.9%和59.4%，p < 0.0001）。这三组在特质焦虑水平上也存在差异（61.6、51.2、44.5，p < 0.001）。三组在人格测量的回避伤害水平上也存在差异（26.3、23.3、19.8，p < 0.0002）。状态性人格障碍组从治疗开始到结束人格障碍特质的减少并非特定于任何一种特定的人格障碍或人格障碍簇。与其他两组相比，特质性人格似乎有更高的自杀风险。通过追踪心理干预前后人格病理学的变化，在社交恐惧症患者中确定了一个状态性人格组。
