Jones Rachel K, Boonstra Heather
The Alan Guttmacher Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2004 Sep-Oct;36(5):182-91. doi: 10.1363/psrh.36.182.04.
Recent legislative efforts to implement mandated parental involvement for minor adolescents seeking family planning services threaten the rights of adolescents younger than 18 to access reproductive health care.
State and federal laws and policies pertaining to minor adolescents' rights to access services for contraception and sexually transmitted diseases are reviewed, and research examining issues of parental involvement among adolescents using clinic-based reproductive health services is synthesized.
Attempts to mandate parental involvement for reproductive health care often focus on contraceptive services and are typically linked to federal or state funding. Studies of teenagers using clinic-based family planning services suggest that slightly more than one-half would obtain contraceptives at family planning clinics even if parental notification were required. Mandated parental involvement for contraception would discourage few teenagers from having sex, but would likely result in more teenagers' using the least effective methods, such as withdrawal, or no method at all. Family planning clinics encourage teenagers to voluntarily talk to their parents, but relatively little information is available about the extent to which activities to promote parent-child communication have been adopted.
Mandated parental involvement for teenagers seeking contraceptive care would likely contribute to increases in rates of teenage pregnancy. Research that will help clinics implement and improve efforts to encourage voluntary parental involvement is urgently needed.
近期立法要求未成年青少年在寻求计划生育服务时必须有父母参与，这威胁到了18岁以下青少年获得生殖健康护理的权利。
对与未成年青少年获得避孕和性传播疾病服务权利相关的州和联邦法律及政策进行了审查，并综合了有关使用基于诊所的生殖健康服务的青少年中父母参与问题的研究。
要求父母参与生殖健康护理的尝试通常集中在避孕服务上，并且通常与联邦或州资金挂钩。对使用基于诊所的计划生育服务的青少年的研究表明，即使需要父母通知，略多于一半的青少年仍会在计划生育诊所获得避孕药具。强制父母参与避孕不会使很少的青少年放弃性行为，但可能会导致更多青少年使用效果最差的方法，例如体外射精，或者根本不采取任何避孕措施。计划生育诊所鼓励青少年自愿与父母交谈，但关于促进亲子沟通活动的采用程度的信息相对较少。
要求寻求避孕护理的青少年的父母参与可能会导致青少年怀孕率上升。迫切需要有助于诊所实施和改进鼓励父母自愿参与的努力的研究。
