Kramer Michael S, Guo Tong, Platt Robert W, Vanilovich Irina, Sevkovskaya Zinaida, Dzikovich Irina, Michaelsen Kim F, Dewey Kathryn
Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Faculty of Medicine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
J Pediatr. 2004 Nov;145(5):600-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2004.06.069.
To examine the effects of formula, other milks, other liquids, cereals, and other solid foods on growth during infancy.
Observational cohort study nested within a large (n=17,046), cluster-randomized trial. We compared growth [weight-for-age, length-for-age, and weight-for-length z scores (WAZ, LAZ, WLZ) and head circumference (HC)] during the intervals 1 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 9, and 9 to 12 months, using hierarchical multivariate regression to control for size at the beginning of each interval, maternal education, geographic region, and urban versus rural location.
Mixed BF and formula/other milk were associated with significantly higher (versus breast milk only) LAZ at 1 to 3 months (+0.038 and +0.047, respectively). In the 3- to 6-month interval, mixed BF and formula/other milk led to significantly higher WAZ (+0.125 and +0.139) and LAZ (+0.081 and +0.075), whereas cereal intake was associated with large and highly significant reductions in both measures (-0.293 and -0.240) and in HC (-0.291 cm). Mixed BF and formula/other milk continued to have positive albeit smaller associations with WAZ and LAZ in the 6- to 9-month and 9- to 12-month intervals.
Our results confirm the growth-accelerating effects of formula and other milks (versus breast milk) on weight and length gain throughout infancy, with a dose-response gradient and largest associations observed at 3 to 6 months.
研究配方奶、其他奶类、其他液体、谷物以及其他固体食物对婴儿期生长的影响。
在一项大型（n = 17,046）整群随机试验中进行的观察性队列研究。我们比较了婴儿在1至3个月、3至6个月、6至9个月以及9至12个月期间的生长情况[年龄别体重、年龄别身长、身长别体重z评分（WAZ、LAZ、WLZ）以及头围（HC）]，使用分层多元回归来控制每个时间段开始时的体格大小、母亲教育程度、地理区域以及城乡位置。
在1至3个月时，混合母乳喂养与配方奶/其他奶类喂养相比，LAZ显著更高（分别为+0.038和+0.047）。在3至6个月期间，混合母乳喂养与配方奶/其他奶类喂养导致WAZ（分别为+0.125和+0.139）和LAZ（分别为+0.081和+0.075）显著更高，而谷物摄入与这两项指标（分别为-0.293和-0.240）以及头围（-0.291厘米）的大幅且极显著降低相关。在6至9个月和9至12个月期间，混合母乳喂养与配方奶/其他奶类喂养与WAZ和LAZ仍有正向关联，尽管关联较小。
我们的结果证实了配方奶和其他奶类（与母乳相比）在婴儿期对体重和身长增长具有促进生长的作用，呈现剂量反应梯度，且在3至6个月时关联最大。
