Dreffier Christelle, Ramisse Françoise, Alonso Jean-Michel
Laboratoire de Biopharmacie, physico-chimie, pharmacotechnie, UMR Cnrs 8612, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5, rue Jean-Baptiste Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
Med Sci (Paris). 2004 Nov;20(11):999-1003. doi: 10.1051/medsci/20042011999.
Anti-infective antibody-based immunotherapy has gained renewed interest since the crisis of antibiotic resistance and because there is no therapy against various viral infections. The immunoprophylaxis of respiratory infections aims to utilize the ability of local antibodies to neutralize inhaled micro-organisms and their cytopathic products. Immunoglobulins for intravenous use (i.v.i.g.) have a wide spectrum of specificities. Hyperimmune i.v.i.g. containing high titers of specific antibodies have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials, notably against the respiratory syncytial virus. Monoclonal antibodies have the advantage to be homogenous and specific for one selected epitope and several studies have demonstrated their efficacy to neutralize several infectious agents. Moreover, antibodies can be administered topically and are effective at lower doses than those needed for systemic administration. The mechanism of action could be the agglutination of bacteria or viruses at the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract inhibiting the early steps of the infectious process. Thanks to new technologies of humanized monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapy offers real promising perspectives for prophylactic and therapeutic therapies against a variety of current or emerging infectious diseases.
自抗生素耐药性危机出现以来，以及由于缺乏针对各种病毒感染的治疗方法，基于抗感染抗体的免疫疗法重新引起了人们的关注。呼吸道感染的免疫预防旨在利用局部抗体中和吸入微生物及其细胞病变产物的能力。静脉注射免疫球蛋白（i.v.i.g.）具有广泛的特异性。含有高滴度特异性抗体的超免疫i.v.i.g.已在临床试验中证明有效，尤其是针对呼吸道合胞病毒。单克隆抗体具有均一且对选定表位具有特异性的优势，多项研究已证明其对多种感染因子具有中和作用。此外，抗体可以局部给药，并且在比全身给药所需剂量更低的情况下有效。其作用机制可能是呼吸道上皮表面的细菌或病毒凝集，从而抑制感染过程的早期步骤。得益于人源化单克隆抗体的新技术，免疫疗法为预防和治疗各种当前或新出现的传染病提供了真正有前景的前景。
