Nicpon Megan Foley, Wodrich David L, Kurpius Sharon E Robinson
Psychology in Education, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-0611, USA.
Dev Neuropsychol. 2004;26(3):735-51. doi: 10.1207/s15326942dn2603_5.
Barkley's (1997) comprehensive theory of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) predicts that affected children express frontal lobe related impairments, including expression of utilization behavior-the appropriate use of an object in an inappropriate context. Nineteen boys with and 20 without ADHD were exposed to a series of utilitarian (potentially utilization-inducing) and neutral objects. Boys in the ADHD group exhibited more utilization behavior and did so more quickly than boys in the control group; engagement with utilitarian objects and tendencies to do so quickly best predicted ADHD and control group membership. Beyond utilization behavior distinctions, general impulsivity differences were seen between boys with ADHD and control group counterparts, but these were less pronounced than the utilization behavior differences. Results offer support for utilization behavior's place in Barkley's theory.
巴克利（1997年）关于注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的综合理论预测，受影响的儿童表现出与额叶相关的损伤，包括运用行为的表现——在不适当的情境中对物体的不当使用。19名患有ADHD的男孩和20名未患ADHD的男孩接触了一系列功利性（可能诱发运用行为）和中性物体。ADHD组的男孩表现出更多的运用行为，且比对照组的男孩表现得更快；与功利性物体的接触以及快速这样做的倾向最能预测ADHD组和对照组的成员身份。除了运用行为的差异外，患有ADHD的男孩和对照组男孩之间还存在一般冲动性差异，但这些差异不如运用行为差异那么明显。研究结果为运用行为在巴克利理论中的地位提供了支持。
