Böning D, Cristancho E, Serrato M, Reyes O, Mora M, Coy L, Rojas J
Institute of Sports Medicine; Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Int J Sports Med. 2004 Nov;25(8):561-8. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-820963.
Total hemoglobin mass has not been systematically investigated in females at altitude. We measured this quantity (CO-rebreathing method) as well as peak oxygen uptake in 54 young women (age 22.5 +/- 0.6 SE years) with differing physical fitness living in Bogota (2600 m) and compared the results with those of 19 subjects from 964 m in Colombia and 75 subjects from 35 m in Germany. In spite of an increased hemoglobin concentration the hemoglobin mass was not changed in highlanders (means 9.0 to 9.5 g . kg (-1) in untrained subjects at all altitude levels). Endurance trained athletes, however, showed a rise in hemoglobin mass by 2 - 3 g . kg (-1) at all sites. Erythropoietin was little increased in Bogota; iron stores were within the normal range. Aerobic performance capacity was lower at high altitude than at sea level and remained so also after correction for the hypoxic deterioration in untrained and moderately trained subjects but not in athletes; possibly the cause was reduced daily physical activity in non-athletic Bogotanians compared to lowlanders. After exclusion of the factor V.O(2peak) by analysis of covariance a mean rise of 6.6 % in hemoglobin mass at 2600 m was calculated being smaller than in males (> 12 %). The attenuated increase of hemoglobin mass in female highlanders possibly results from stimulation of ventilation improving arterial oxygen saturation or from an increased hypoxia tolerance of cellular metabolism both caused by female sexual hormones.
在高海拔地区，尚未对女性的总血红蛋白量进行系统研究。我们采用一氧化碳再呼吸法测量了54名居住在波哥大（海拔2600米）、身体素质各异的年轻女性（年龄22.5±0.6岁，标准误）的这一指标以及最大摄氧量，并将结果与来自哥伦比亚海拔964米的19名受试者和德国海拔35米的75名受试者的结果进行了比较。尽管血红蛋白浓度有所升高，但高原居民的血红蛋白量并未改变（所有海拔水平未经训练的受试者平均值为9.0至9.5克·千克⁻¹）。然而，耐力训练的运动员在所有地点的血红蛋白量均增加了2 - 3克·千克⁻¹。在波哥大，促红细胞生成素增加很少；铁储备在正常范围内。高海拔地区的有氧运动能力低于海平面，在未经训练和中度训练的受试者中，即使校正了低氧导致的运动能力下降后依然如此，但运动员并非如此；可能的原因是与低地居民相比，非运动员的波哥大居民日常体力活动减少。通过协方差分析排除最大摄氧量这一因素后，计算得出在海拔2600米处血红蛋白量平均增加6.6%，低于男性（>12%）。女性高原居民血红蛋白量增加减弱可能是由于女性性激素刺激通气改善动脉血氧饱和度，或由于细胞代谢对低氧耐受性增加所致。
