Drayton-Brooks Shirlee, White Neva
Nurse Practitioner Program, Widener University, School of Nursing, Chester, Pennsylvania 19013, USA.
ABNF J. 2004 Sep-Oct;15(5):84-90.
The purpose of this qualitative exploratory study was to document health perceptions, beliefs and attitudes, intentions and social pressures that influence health promoting behaviors as expressed by community level aggregates of African American women with faith support. Twenty-six African American women from two large urban congregations with an active health ministry program participated in this study. Focus group interviews guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980 & 1991) were used to identify salient health perceptions, beliefs and attitudes, intentions, and social pressures influencing health-promoting behaviors in African American women with faith-based support. Positive health perceptions, attitudes, and beliefs were identified as important to engaging in a healthy lifestyle. Exercise, well balanced diets, weight reduction and stress management were the most salient health concerns among the respondents. Key referents identified included the pastor, congregational nurses, physicians, and church/family members. Control beliefs among these women reflected salient spiritual and fatalistic beliefs concerning health-promoting behaviors. Trusting relationships, open communication, safe, comfortable, and familiar environments were identified as important considerations when planning health promotion interventions for an African American faith community.
Health beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors are not developed outside of social systems, therefore, the facilitation of healthy lifestyle behaviors may be best assessed and influenced within a context of reciprocal social interaction such as in a faith-based community. In the context of a community level aggregate with faith-based support, behaviors to promote a healthy lifestyle may be positively influenced.
本定性探索性研究的目的是记录非洲裔美国女性社区群体所表达的健康观念、信仰和态度、意图以及影响健康促进行为的社会压力，这些女性有宗教信仰支持。来自两个大型城市教会且有活跃健康事工项目的26名非洲裔美国女性参与了本研究。以计划行为理论（阿杰恩和菲什拜因，1980年及1991年）为指导的焦点小组访谈，用于确定影响有宗教信仰支持的非洲裔美国女性健康促进行为的显著健康观念、信仰和态度、意图以及社会压力。积极的健康观念、态度和信仰被确定为参与健康生活方式的重要因素。运动、均衡饮食、减肥和压力管理是受访者中最突出的健康问题。确定的关键参照对象包括牧师、教会护士、医生以及教会/家庭成员。这些女性的控制信念反映了关于健康促进行为的显著精神和宿命论信念。在为非洲裔美国宗教社区规划健康促进干预措施时，信任关系、开放沟通、安全、舒适和熟悉的环境被确定为重要考虑因素。
健康信念、态度和行为并非在社会系统之外形成，因此，促进健康生活方式行为的工作最好在相互社会互动的背景下进行评估和影响，比如在有宗教信仰的社区。在有宗教信仰支持的社区层面群体背景下，促进健康生活方式的行为可能会受到积极影响。
