Williams Nathan L, Shahar Golan, Riskind John H, Joiner Thomas E
Department of Psychology, 216 Memorial Hall, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
J Anxiety Disord. 2005;19(2):157-75. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.01.003.
Looming vulnerability pertains to a distinct cognitive phenomenology characterized by mental representations of dynamically intensifying danger and rapidly rising risk as one projects the self into an anticipated future [J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 79 (2000) 837]. While looming appraisals can be experienced as state elicitation, some individuals are hypothesized to develop an enduring cognitive pattern of cross-situational looming appraisals, the looming maladaptive style (LMS), which functions as a cognitive vulnerability to anxiety. In the present study, we examined the extent to which the LMS predicts common variance in numerous anxiety disorder symptoms, independent of the potentially confounding effects of current depressive symptoms. Specifically, we hypothesized that controlling for depressive symptoms, LMS would predict shared variance in a latent factor comprised of indicators of five anxiety disorder symptoms: obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, and specific phobic fears. Measures of these anxiety disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, and looming vulnerability were administered to unselected college student population. Structural equations modeling analyses provided support for our hypothesis that LMS predicts shared variance in anxiety disorder symptoms and suggest that this cognitive style may be an overarching dimension of vulnerability to anxiety.
迫近的易感性涉及一种独特的认知现象学，其特征是当个体将自己投射到预期的未来时，会产生动态加剧的危险和迅速上升的风险的心理表征[《人格与社会心理学杂志》79 (2000) 837]。虽然迫近评估可以被体验为一种状态引发，但据推测，一些个体发展出一种跨情境迫近评估的持久认知模式，即迫近适应不良风格(LMS)，它作为一种对焦虑的认知易感性起作用。在本研究中，我们考察了LMS在多大程度上预测了多种焦虑症症状的共同方差，而不受当前抑郁症状潜在混杂效应的影响。具体来说，我们假设在控制抑郁症状的情况下，LMS将预测由五种焦虑症症状指标组成的潜在因素中的共同方差：强迫症、创伤后应激障碍、广泛性焦虑症、社交恐惧症和特定恐惧症。对未经过筛选的大学生群体进行了这些焦虑症症状、抑郁症状和迫近易感性的测量。结构方程模型分析支持了我们的假设，即LMS预测焦虑症症状的共同方差，并表明这种认知风格可能是焦虑易感性的一个总体维度。
