Amrhein Christine, Pauli Paul, Dengler Wilhelm, Wiedemann Georg
Clinic for Psychiatric Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
J Anxiety Disord. 2005;19(2):177-91. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.01.004.
A covariation bias, i.e., the overestimation of random contingencies between fear-relevant stimuli and aversive consequences, seems to characterize anxiety disorders. Panic patients (n=30) and healthy controls (n=25) were exposed to panic-relevant, neutral, and phobia-relevant but panic-irrelevant picture stimuli, followed randomly be aversive consequences (acoustic startle stimuli). While covariation estimates reflected objective contingencies in both groups, only panic patients revealed a more negative Contingent Negative Variation (CNV) to panic-relevant than to phobia-relevant and neutral pictures. For startle reflex, only main effects of picture category were found, indicating that valence effects of picture stimuli were not specifically distorted in panic patients. CNV presumably reflects a biased processing of disorder-relevant stimuli by panic patients, perhaps with the expectation that aversive consequences will follow these stimuli.
共变偏差，即高估与恐惧相关的刺激和厌恶后果之间的随机偶发事件，似乎是焦虑症的特征。对30名惊恐障碍患者和25名健康对照者施加与惊恐相关、中性以及与恐惧症相关但与惊恐无关的图片刺激，随后随机施加厌恶后果（听觉惊吓刺激）。虽然共变估计反映了两组中的客观偶发事件，但只有惊恐障碍患者对与惊恐相关的图片表现出比对与恐惧症相关及中性图片更负的关联性负变（CNV）。对于惊吓反射，仅发现了图片类别的主效应，表明图片刺激的效价效应在惊恐障碍患者中并未出现特异性扭曲。CNV大概反映了惊恐障碍患者对与疾病相关刺激的偏差处理，或许是预期这些刺激之后会出现厌恶后果。
