Pauli Paul, Diedrich Oliver, Müller Anja
Department of Psychology, Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Würzburg, Germany.
J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry. 2002 Sep-Dec;33(3-4):191-202. doi: 10.1016/s0005-7916(02)00051-4.
A covariation bias (CB) reflects the overestimation of an objectively random covariation between fear-relevant picture stimuli (e.g., spiders) and aversive consequences (e.g., electric shocks). The affect-modulated startle (AMS) paradigm is similar to it because aversive reflex probes are delivered in the context of unpleasant, neutral or pleasant picture stimuli. The present study explored if a covariation bias is present in the affect-modulated startle paradigm. There was a covariation bias for unpleasant and pleasant compared to neutral pictures probably due to differences in arousal. Startle reflexes were modulated by picture valence. No correlation between a covariation bias index and the startle response modulation was found. It is concluded that both phenomena are mediated by different underlying mechanisms.
共变偏差（CB）反映了对恐惧相关图片刺激（如蜘蛛）与厌恶后果（如电击）之间客观随机共变的高估。情感调节惊吓（AMS）范式与之相似，因为厌恶反射探测是在不愉快、中性或愉快的图片刺激背景下进行的。本研究探讨了情感调节惊吓范式中是否存在共变偏差。与中性图片相比，不愉快和愉快图片存在共变偏差，这可能是由于唤醒水平的差异。惊吓反射受图片效价的调节。未发现共变偏差指数与惊吓反应调节之间存在相关性。研究得出结论，这两种现象由不同的潜在机制介导。
