Baggio Laurie L, Drucker Daniel J
Department of Medicine, The Banting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, MBRW 4R-402, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Dec;18(4):531-54. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2004.08.001.
The glucagon-like peptides (glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2)) are released from enteroendocrine cells in response to nutrient ingestion. GLP-1 enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon secretion, gastric emptying and feeding. GLP-1 also has proliferative, neogenic and antiapoptotic effects on pancreatic beta-cells. More recent studies illustrate a potential protective role for GLP-1 in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems. GLP-2 is an intestinal trophic peptide that stimulates cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in the intestinal crypt compartment. GLP-2 also regulates intestinal glucose transport, food intake and gastric acid secretion and emptying, and improves intestinal barrier function. Thus, GLP-1 and GLP-2 exhibit a diverse array of metabolic, proliferative and cytoprotective actions with important clinical implications for the treatment of diabetes and gastrointestinal disease, respectively. This review will highlight our current understanding of the biology of GLP-1 and GLP-2, with an emphasis on both well-characterized and more novel therapeutic applications of these peptides.
胰高血糖素样肽（胰高血糖素样肽-1（GLP-1）和胰高血糖素样肽-2（GLP-2））是在摄入营养物质后由肠内分泌细胞释放的。GLP-1可增强葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌，并抑制胰高血糖素分泌、胃排空和进食。GLP-1对胰腺β细胞也具有增殖、促新生和抗凋亡作用。最近的研究表明GLP-1在心血管系统和中枢神经系统中具有潜在的保护作用。GLP-2是一种肠营养肽，可刺激肠隐窝区的细胞增殖并抑制细胞凋亡。GLP-2还调节肠道葡萄糖转运、食物摄入以及胃酸分泌和排空，并改善肠道屏障功能。因此，GLP-1和GLP-2分别表现出一系列多样的代谢、增殖和细胞保护作用，对糖尿病和胃肠道疾病的治疗具有重要的临床意义。本综述将着重介绍我们目前对GLP-1和GLP-2生物学特性的理解，重点关注这些肽类已明确的以及更新颖的治疗应用。
