Dockray Graham J
Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK.
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Dec;18(4):555-68. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2004.07.003.
The gastric hormone gastrin stimulates gastric acid secretion and epithelial cell proliferation. Multiple active products are generated from the precursor, preprogastrin, including the well-characterized amidated gastrins acting at the cholecystokinin-2 (CCK-2, or gastrin-CCK(B)) receptor, and others that may be growth factors in a range of cancers. Plasma concentrations of the amidated gastrins are elevated as a consequence of gastrin-secreting tumours (gastrinomas) and in conditions in which the normal inhibition of the antral G-cell by acid is depressed, for example chronic atrophic gastritis and prolonged treatment with proton pump inhibitors. There may also be increased gastrin release in Helicobacter pylori infection. Provocative tests for the diagnosis of gastrinoma include the secretin and calcium infusion tests. Hypergastrinaemia is associated with enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell proliferation; the factors that determine progression to ECL cell dysplasia and gastric ECL cell carcinoid tumours are discussed. Several strategies for inhibiting the effects of gastrin are under evaluation, and their potential application is discussed.
胃激素胃泌素可刺激胃酸分泌和上皮细胞增殖。胃泌素原前体可产生多种活性产物，包括作用于胆囊收缩素-2（CCK-2，或胃泌素-CCK（B））受体的、已被充分表征的酰胺化胃泌素，以及其他可能在一系列癌症中作为生长因子的物质。由于分泌胃泌素的肿瘤（胃泌素瘤），以及在胃酸对胃窦G细胞的正常抑制作用减弱的情况下，如慢性萎缩性胃炎和长期使用质子泵抑制剂治疗，酰胺化胃泌素的血浆浓度会升高。幽门螺杆菌感染时胃泌素释放也可能增加。用于诊断胃泌素瘤的激发试验包括促胰液素试验和钙剂输注试验。高胃泌素血症与肠嗜铬样（ECL）细胞增殖有关；本文讨论了决定ECL细胞发育异常和胃ECL细胞类癌肿瘤进展的因素。目前正在评估几种抑制胃泌素作用的策略，并讨论了它们的潜在应用。
