Beler-Baykal B, Bayram S, Akkaymak E, Cinar S
Istanbul Technical University, Department of Environmental Engineering, 34469 Ayazaga, Istanbul, Turkey.
Water Sci Technol. 2004;50(6):149-56.
Ammonium, from separately collected human urine, had been removed through transfer onto the ammonium selective natural zeolite, clinoptilolite, through ion exchange. In the subsequent treatment steps of washing with tap water, ammonium removed from urine was eluted from the surface of the clinoptilolite to be recovered for further reuse. Different quantities of clinoptilolite were used for a survey of the capacity of the zeolite for the process and to identify removal efficiencies based on initial ammonium loads. The highest surface concentration attained under experimental conditions employed was 15.44 mg ammonium per gram of clinoptilolite for an initial concentration of 110 mg ammonia per litre, and the highest removal was 98%, obtained for a loading of 1 mg ammonium per gram clinoptilolite. In the subsequent elution process, better removals were observed as pH was increased and the highest removal was attained at pH 13. The recovery was calculated as 9.73 mg ammonium per gram of clinoptilolite, corresponding to an efficiency of 63% only through washing with tap water. The results have given positive indications for the possibility of using ion exchange with clinoptilolite for the removal of ammonium from human urine and an incentive for improving methods of elution for its recovery for further reuse.
通过离子交换，将分别收集的人尿中的铵转移到铵选择性天然沸石斜发沸石上，从而去除铵。在随后用自来水冲洗的处理步骤中，从尿液中去除的铵从斜发沸石表面洗脱下来，以便回收再利用。使用不同量的斜发沸石来研究该沸石在此过程中的容量，并根据初始铵负荷确定去除效率。在所采用的实验条件下，对于初始浓度为每升110毫克氨的情况，每克斜发沸石达到的最高表面浓度为15.44毫克铵，对于每克斜发沸石加载1毫克铵的情况，最高去除率为98%。在随后的洗脱过程中，随着pH值升高，观察到更好的去除效果，在pH值为13时达到最高去除率。计算得出每克斜发沸石的回收量为9.73毫克铵，仅通过用自来水冲洗，效率仅为63%。这些结果为使用斜发沸石通过离子交换从人尿中去除铵的可能性提供了积极迹象，并激励人们改进洗脱方法以回收铵以便进一步再利用。
