Oron G, Bick A, Gillerman L, Manor Y
Ben-Gurion University of The Negev, The Institute for Desert Research, Kiryat Sde-Boker, Israel.
Water Sci Technol. 2004;50(6):305-12.
Field experiments are in progress for secondary wastewater upgrading for unrestricted utilization for agricultural irrigation. The integrative approach of secondary effluent polishing is based on using a hybrid UltraFiltration (UF) and Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane pilot system with a capacity of around 1 m3/hr. The UF effluent is used to feed the RO membranes. The RO permeate is subsequently applied for vegetable irrigation. Field results indicate the importance of the UF component in the removal of the organic matter and the pathogens that are still contained in the secondary effluent. Under specific conditions, when the dissolved solids content is relatively low, regarding sanitary and health aspects, the UF effluent can be applied for unrestricted irrigation. During the RO stage most nutrients are removed, allowing application of the effluent without jeopardizing the soil fertility and the aquifers. Preliminary economic assessment indicates that the extra cost for effluent polishing via the UF stage only is in the range of 5 to 15 US cents/m3. The extra cost for the RO stage is also assessed at 10 to 25 US cents/m3. The additional cost depends to a large extent on the quality of the incoming raw secondary effluent and local requirements of the command region.
正在进行现场试验，以对二级废水进行升级处理，使其可无限制地用于农业灌溉。二级出水净化的综合方法基于使用一个容量约为1立方米/小时的超滤（UF）和反渗透（RO）混合膜中试系统。超滤出水用于供给反渗透膜。随后，反渗透渗透液用于蔬菜灌溉。现场结果表明超滤组件在去除二级出水中仍含有的有机物和病原体方面的重要性。在特定条件下，当溶解固体含量相对较低时，从卫生和健康角度来看，超滤出水可用于无限制灌溉。在反渗透阶段，大部分养分被去除，使得该出水的应用不会损害土壤肥力和含水层。初步经济评估表明，仅通过超滤阶段进行出水净化的额外成本在每立方米5至15美分之间。反渗透阶段的额外成本评估也在每立方米10至25美分之间。额外成本在很大程度上取决于进水二级原水的质量以及指令区域的当地要求。
