Fuechtmeier Bernd, Egersdoerfer Stefan, Tuma Georg, Monkman Gerit J, Nerlich Michael
Department of Trauma Surgery, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2003;97:43-9.
The use of robotics in surgery is nothing new. However, there are areas of surgery, such as in fracture fixation, where robots have yet to be implemented. This paper considers the choice of robot, gripper and ancillary equipment together with navigation systems necessary for their application. Hitherto robots have seen operation in surgery only in cases where relatively low manipulation forces are required. Nothing yet exists with the capability of handling forces in excess of 200 Newton as would be required in the above scenario. Another encumbrance to robots which are already in medical use is the difficulty in programming. Unfortunately most of these robots are programmed by specialists for a particular application. However, there exists a number of robot programming languages, like Unimation VA-LII (recently superceded by Stäubli V+), which do not require specialist knowledge. The application of industrial robots to the "heavier" side of modern surgery is without doubt technically realisable. The remainder of this research project aims to determine exactly which robots and what ancilliary equipment are needed and then to implement them, first on plastic models and later on cadavers. A second phase is expected to deal with type approval and a final third phase with operations on live patients.
机器人技术在外科手术中的应用并非新鲜事。然而，在外科手术的某些领域，如骨折固定，机器人尚未得到应用。本文探讨了机器人、夹具及辅助设备的选择，以及应用这些设备所需的导航系统。迄今为止，机器人仅在需要相对较低操作力的手术中得到应用。目前还没有能够处理超过200牛顿力的机器人，而上述场景中则需要这样的机器人。已在医疗中使用的机器人的另一个障碍是编程困难。不幸的是，大多数此类机器人是由专家针对特定应用进行编程的。不过，存在一些不需要专业知识的机器人编程语言，如Unimation VA-LII（最近被Stäubli V+取代）。将工业机器人应用于现代手术中“更繁重”的方面在技术上无疑是可行的。该研究项目的其余部分旨在确切确定需要哪些机器人和辅助设备，然后首先在塑料模型上，随后在尸体上进行应用。预计第二阶段将处理型式认可，最后第三阶段将进行活体患者手术。
