Sander D, Brunner G
Abteilung Gastroenterologie und Hepatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover.
Z Gastroenterol. 1992 Feb;30(2):151-5.
Some endoscopic investigations and treatments require the use of x-ray equipment. There is no specific x-ray device for endoscopic procedures. Standard x-ray apparatus is used, which is designed to give optimal protection against radiation at the standard location of the radiologist. However during special endoscopic examinations nurses and doctors are located at parts of the x-ray apparatus which are not specially protected from x-rays. For this reason measurements were performed during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and schlerotherapy at those positions, where nurses and doctors are standing or sitting during these procedures. The measurements show that at the position of the radiologist there is practically no radiation detectible. However the hands, legs and the face (eye lenses) of the assisting nurse receive relatively high radiation. The values amount to 30% of the allowed maximum. By relatively simple appliances like lead lining around the lower bottom part of the x-ray apparatus or a lead apron lowered from the ceiling between head and body of the patient the radiation load can be significantly lowered to 1% of the maximal allowed radiation. With such simple additional protection frequencies and duration of x-ray related endoscopic investigations can be extended without danger for the staff.
一些内镜检查和治疗需要使用X射线设备。目前没有专门用于内镜手术的X射线设备。使用的是标准X射线设备，其设计目的是在放射科医生的标准位置提供最佳的辐射防护。然而，在特殊的内镜检查过程中，护士和医生所处的X射线设备部位并没有专门的X射线防护。因此，在逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）、经皮肝穿刺胆管造影术（PTC）和硬化治疗过程中，对护士和医生在这些操作中站立或就坐的位置进行了测量。测量结果表明，在放射科医生的位置几乎检测不到辐射。然而，协助护士的手部、腿部和面部（眼镜镜片）受到的辐射相对较高。这些数值达到了允许最大值的30%。通过在X射线设备底部周围使用铅衬里或从天花板在患者头部和身体之间垂下铅围裙等相对简单的装置，辐射负荷可显著降低至最大允许辐射的1%。有了这种简单的额外防护措施，与X射线相关的内镜检查的频率和持续时间可以延长，而不会对工作人员造成危险。
