Brown C S
AACN Clin Issues Crit Care Nurs. 1992 Feb;3(1):57-63. doi: 10.4037/15597768-1992-1007.
A growing number of elderly patients (aged 70 years and older) are seen in critical care units after valve surgery or coronary artery bypass grafting. While studies show that the elderly demonstrate overall successful results after cardiac surgery, the mortality and morbidity risks are higher than in younger adults. The elderly patient is more likely to experience postoperative complications, prolonging the recovery phase. Commonly reported postoperative complications include dysrhythmias, pneumonia, cerebral vascular accidents, and infection. Elderly surgical candidates must be evaluated preoperatively to determine risk factors that may affect the critical care recovery phase. The length of stay tends to be longer in the intensive care unit, requiring nursing care that takes the aging process into consideration. The following article focuses on trends in cardiac surgery in the elderly, physiologic factors that affect outcome and recovery, and nursing interventions aimed at preventing or limiting postoperative complications.
在心脏瓣膜手术或冠状动脉搭桥术后，重症监护病房中越来越多地出现老年患者（70岁及以上）。虽然研究表明老年患者心脏手术后总体结果成功，但与年轻成年人相比，其死亡率和发病率风险更高。老年患者术后更易出现并发症，从而延长康复期。常见的术后并发症包括心律失常、肺炎、脑血管意外和感染。老年手术候选人术前必须进行评估，以确定可能影响重症监护康复期的风险因素。重症监护病房的住院时间往往更长，这就需要考虑到衰老过程的护理。以下文章重点关注老年心脏手术的趋势、影响手术结果和康复的生理因素，以及旨在预防或减少术后并发症的护理干预措施。
