Zadnik Karla, Mutti Donald O, Mitchell G Lynn, Jones Lisa A, Burr Deborah, Moeschberger Melvin L
The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio 43210-1240, USA.
Optom Vis Sci. 2004 Nov;81(11):819-28. doi: 10.1097/01.opx.0000145028.53923.67.
The purpose of this report is to describe the normal growth pattern of the optical components of the eye in a cohort of emmetropic, school-aged children.
Emmetropia was defined as refractive error (measured by cycloplegic autorefraction) in the vertical and horizontal meridians of the right eye between +1.00 D and -0.25 D at all the visits. This definition resulted in a sample of 194 children enrolled in the Orinda Longitudinal Study of Myopia (OLSM) between ages 6 and 14 years with at least 2 years of follow-up evaluation (across three annual visits) between 1989 and 2000. The optical components measured included corneal power, anterior chamber depth, crystalline lens thickness, Gullstrand lens power, calculated lens power, crystalline lens index, vitreous chamber depth, and axial length.
Corneal power and anterior chamber depth were best modeled as quadratic functions of ln (age). The model involving the square of the inverse of age best described calculated lens power and crystalline lens index. The relationship between age and crystalline lens thickness was best described using a linear function of age with a point of inflection. A linear function of ln (age) with a point of inflection best described the relationship between age and axial length, Gullstrand lens power, and vitreous chamber depth. For five of the eight components (crystalline lens thickness, Gullstrand lens power, calculated lens power, corneal power, and crystalline lens index), the line modeling the data was negative in overall direction, indicating that the component value decreased with age. The upward trend of the line modeling axial length, anterior chamber depth, and vitreous chamber depth reflected the continued growth of the eye from age 6 years to age 15 years.
A picture of normal eye growth in emmetropes from ages 6 to 15 years is provided based on a combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Axial elongation, crystalline lens flattening and thinning, and decrease in lens power are its hallmarks.
本报告旨在描述一组正视学龄儿童眼睛光学部件的正常生长模式。
正视被定义为在所有检查中右眼垂直和水平子午线的屈光不正（通过睫状肌麻痹自动验光测量）在+1.00 D至 -0.25 D之间。这一定义产生了一个样本，其中包括194名6至14岁的儿童，他们参加了奥林达近视纵向研究（OLSM），并在1989年至2000年期间接受了至少两年的随访评估（通过三次年度检查）。测量的光学部件包括角膜屈光力、前房深度、晶状体厚度、古尔斯特兰德晶状体屈光力、计算的晶状体屈光力、晶状体指数、玻璃体腔深度和眼轴长度。
角膜屈光力和前房深度最好用ln(年龄)的二次函数建模。涉及年龄倒数平方的模型最能描述计算的晶状体屈光力和晶状体指数。年龄与晶状体厚度之间的关系最好用具有拐点的年龄线性函数来描述。ln(年龄)的具有拐点的线性函数最能描述年龄与眼轴长度、古尔斯特兰德晶状体屈光力和玻璃体腔深度之间的关系。对于八个部件中的五个（晶状体厚度、古尔斯特兰德晶状体屈光力、计算的晶状体屈光力、角膜屈光力和晶状体指数），模拟数据的线在总体方向上是负的，表明部件值随年龄下降。模拟眼轴长度、前房深度和玻璃体腔深度的线的上升趋势反映了眼睛从6岁到15岁的持续生长。
基于横断面和纵向数据的组合，提供了6至15岁正视者正常眼睛生长的情况。眼轴伸长、晶状体扁平变薄以及晶状体屈光力下降是其特征。
