National Centre for Optics, Vision and Eye Care, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway.
Department of Microsystems, Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Borre, Norway.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2019 Oct 1;60(13):4178-4186. doi: 10.1167/iovs.19-27289.
To examine, in Norwegian adolescents, to what degree emmetropia and low hyperopia were maintained from 16 to 18 years of age, and if this was the case, whether it was associated with continued coordinated ocular growth.
Cycloplegic autorefraction and ocular biometry, including crystalline lens thickness, were measured in 93 Norwegian adolescents (mean age: 16.7 ± 0.3 years; 63.4% females) and repeated after 2 years. Crystalline lens power was determined by ray tracing over a 1-mm pupil, based on the Gullstrand-Emsley model. Serum vitamin D3 concentration was measured at follow-up.
Emmetropia and low hyperopia (-0.50 diopters [D] < spherical equivalent refractive error [SER] < +2.00 D) were present in 91.4% at baseline and 89.2% at follow-up. The emmetropes and low hyperopes who maintained their refractive error exhibited continued ocular axial growth (+0.059 ± 0.070 mm) together with a decrease in crystalline lens power (-0.064 ± 0.291 D) and a deepening of the anterior chamber (+0.028 ± 0.040 mm). Thinning of the crystalline lens was found in 24%. Overall, the negative change in SER was larger in those with the most negative SER at baseline (R2 = 0.178, P < 0.001), and was associated with increases in vitreous chamber depth and in crystalline lens power (R2 = 0.752, P < 0.001), when adjusted for sex. There was no difference in vitamin D3 level between those who exhibited negative versus positive changes in refractive error.
The results show that emmetropic and low hyperopic eyes were still growing in late adolescence, with refractive errors being maintained through a coordinated decrease in crystalline lens power.
在挪威青少年中研究从 16 岁到 18 岁时正视眼和低度远视眼的维持程度，以及如果是这样，是否与持续协调的眼球生长有关。
对 93 名挪威青少年（平均年龄：16.7±0.3 岁；63.4%为女性）进行睫状肌麻痹自动验光和眼生物测量，包括晶状体厚度，并在 2 年后重复测量。基于 Gullstrand-Emsley 模型，通过对 1mm 瞳孔的光线追踪确定晶状体屈光力。在随访时测量血清维生素 D3 浓度。
91.4%的青少年在基线时为正视眼和低度远视眼（-0.50 屈光度[D] < 等效球镜屈光误差[SER] < +2.00 D），89.2%的青少年在随访时仍为正视眼和低度远视眼。保持屈光不正的正视眼和低度远视眼，其眼球轴向生长继续（+0.059±0.070mm），同时晶状体屈光力下降（-0.064±0.291D），前房加深（+0.028±0.040mm）。发现 24%的人晶状体变薄。总的来说，基线时 SER 最负的人，其 SER 的负向变化更大（R2=0.178，P<0.001），当调整性别后，与玻璃体腔深度和晶状体屈光力的增加相关（R2=0.752，P<0.001）。在表现出屈光不正负向变化和正向变化的人群中，维生素 D3 水平没有差异。
结果表明，正视眼和低度远视眼在青春期晚期仍在发育，通过晶状体屈光力的协调下降来维持屈光不正。
