Stone Helen B, Moulder John E, Coleman C Norman, Ang K Kian, Anscher Mitchell S, Barcellos-Hoff Mary Helen, Dynan William S, Fike John R, Grdina David J, Greenberger Joel S, Hauer-Jensen Martin, Hill Richard P, Kolesnick Richard N, Macvittie Thomas J, Marks Cheryl, McBride William H, Metting Noelle, Pellmar Terry, Purucker Mary, Robbins Mike E, Schiestl Robert H, Seed Thomas M, Tomaszewski Joseph E, Travis Elizabeth L, Wallner Paul E, Wolpert Mary, Zaharevitz Daniel
National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Radiat Res. 2004 Dec;162(6):711-28. doi: 10.1667/rr3276.
To develop approaches to prophylaxis/protection, mitigation and treatment of radiation injuries, appropriate models are needed that integrate the complex events that occur in the radiation-exposed organism. While the spectrum of agents in clinical use or preclinical development is limited, new research findings promise improvements in survival after whole-body irradiation and reductions in the risk of adverse effects of radiotherapy. Approaches include agents that act on the initial radiochemical events, agents that prevent or reduce progression of radiation damage, and agents that facilitate recovery from radiation injuries. While the mechanisms of action for most of the agents with known efficacy are yet to be fully determined, many seem to be operating at the tissue, organ or whole animal level as well as the cellular level. Thus research on prophylaxis/protection, mitigation and treatment of radiation injuries will require studies in whole animal models. Discovery, development and delivery of effective radiation modulators will also require collaboration among researchers in diverse fields such as radiation biology, inflammation, physiology, toxicology, immunology, tissue injury, drug development and radiation oncology. Additional investment in training more scientists in radiation biology and in the research portfolio addressing radiological and nuclear terrorism would benefit the general population in case of a radiological terrorism event or a large-scale accidental event as well as benefit patients treated with radiation.
为了开发辐射损伤的预防/防护、减轻和治疗方法，需要合适的模型来整合辐射暴露生物体中发生的复杂事件。虽然临床使用或临床前开发中的药物种类有限，但新的研究结果有望提高全身照射后的生存率，并降低放疗不良反应的风险。方法包括作用于初始放射化学事件的药物、预防或减少辐射损伤进展的药物，以及促进从辐射损伤中恢复的药物。虽然大多数已知有效药物的作用机制尚未完全确定，但许多药物似乎在组织、器官或整个动物水平以及细胞水平上发挥作用。因此，辐射损伤的预防/防护、减轻和治疗研究将需要在全动物模型中进行。有效辐射调节剂的发现、开发和应用还需要辐射生物学、炎症、生理学、毒理学、免疫学、组织损伤、药物开发和放射肿瘤学等不同领域的研究人员之间的合作。额外投资培训更多辐射生物学领域的科学家，并增加针对放射和核恐怖主义的研究项目，将在发生放射恐怖主义事件或大规模意外事件时造福普通民众，也将使接受放疗的患者受益。
