Chan Raymond C, Severson Aaron F, Meyer Barbara J
Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
J Cell Biol. 2004 Nov 22;167(4):613-25. doi: 10.1083/jcb.200408061.
The production of haploid gametes from diploid germ cells requires two rounds of meiotic chromosome segregation after one round of replication. Accurate meiotic chromosome segregation involves the remodeling of each pair of homologous chromosomes around the site of crossover into a highly condensed and ordered structure. We showed that condensin, the protein complex needed for mitotic chromosome compaction, restructures chromosomes during meiosis in Caenorhabditis elegans. In particular, condensin promotes both meiotic chromosome condensation after crossover recombination and the remodeling of sister chromatids. Condensin helps resolve cohesin-independent linkages between sister chromatids and alleviates recombination-independent linkages between homologues. The safeguarding of chromosome resolution by condensin permits chromosome segregation and is crucial for the formation of discrete, individualized bivalent chromosomes.
从二倍体生殖细胞产生单倍体配子需要在一轮复制后进行两轮减数分裂染色体分离。准确的减数分裂染色体分离涉及将每对同源染色体在交叉位点周围重塑为高度浓缩且有序的结构。我们发现，有丝分裂染色体压缩所需的蛋白质复合物凝聚素在秀丽隐杆线虫减数分裂过程中对染色体进行重组。具体而言，凝聚素在交叉重组后促进减数分裂染色体凝聚以及姐妹染色单体的重塑。凝聚素有助于解决姐妹染色单体之间不依赖黏连蛋白的连接，并减轻同源染色体之间不依赖重组的连接。凝聚素对染色体分离的保障作用允许染色体分离，并且对于形成离散的、个体化的二价染色体至关重要。
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