MacFarlane M E, Sony S D
Health Care Women Int. 1992 Jan-Mar;13(1):23-32. doi: 10.1080/07399339209515975.
To learn about anxiety experienced by women before they undergo breast biopsy, we surveyed by telephone 42 females aged 18 or over who were scheduled for this procedure. Unlike other studies, the present investigation explores retrospectively the impact of the discovery of a breast lump, hospitalization, and factors that aggravate and alleviate anxiety. An interview guide and an adaptation of the Spielberger, Gorsuch, and Lushene (1970) State Trait Anxiety Inventory Scale were used for data collection. The stress and coping models developed by Lazarus and Launier (1978) and Lazarus and Folkman (1984) contributed to the conceptual framework used in this study. Findings indicate that the anxiety levels of women after the discovery of a breast lump and prior to knowledge of biopsy results were extremely high. Age and time delay in contacting the physician had a statistically significant relationship on the participants' stress levels. The findings provide information that contributes to understanding the problem of anxiety originating from the discovery of a breast lump.
为了解女性在接受乳房活检前的焦虑状况，我们通过电话对42名年龄在18岁及以上、计划接受该检查的女性进行了调查。与其他研究不同，本调查回顾性地探讨了乳房肿块的发现、住院治疗以及加重和缓解焦虑的因素所产生的影响。数据收集采用了一份访谈指南以及对斯皮尔伯格、戈尔苏奇和卢申（1970年）状态-特质焦虑量表的改编版。拉扎勒斯和劳尼尔（1978年）以及拉扎勒斯和福克曼（1984年）提出的压力与应对模型为该研究中使用的概念框架提供了支持。研究结果表明，女性在发现乳房肿块后且在知晓活检结果之前的焦虑水平极高。年龄以及与医生联系的时间延迟与参与者的压力水平存在统计学上的显著关系。这些研究结果提供了有助于理解因发现乳房肿块而产生的焦虑问题的信息。
