Spierer Abraham, Royzman Zana, Kuint Jacob
Goldschleger Eye Institute, Neonatal Department, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
Ophthalmologica. 2004 Nov-Dec;218(6):397-401. doi: 10.1159/000080943.
To measure grating visual acuity in premature infants and compare it with that in full-term infants.
The visual acuity of 73 premature and 73 full-term infants was tested at 6 months of age by the Teller Acuity Card procedure. All premature infants had undergone indirect funduscopy for the detection of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Seven infants had developed ROP. The mean gestational age of the premature infants was 33 +/- 1.4 weeks as compared with 39.9 +/- 0.9 weeks in the full-term infants. The mean birth weights of the 2 groups were 1,906 +/- 412 and 3,244 +/- 420 g, respectively.
Impaired binocular visual acuity was found in 53.4% of the premature infants, but in only 11% of the full-term infants (p < 0.0001). Impaired monocular visual acuity was found in 13.7% of the premature infants as compared with 2.7% of the full-term infants. Within the premature infant group, monocular visual acuity was impaired in 42.9% of those with ROP and in 10.6% of those without ROP (p = 0.0497). Pathological refraction was found in 33.3% of the prematures without ROP and in 14.3% of the prematures with ROP. This difference was not statistically significant. Visual acuity of preterm infants was not different from full-term infants when examined at 6 months of postconceptual age.
Both monocular and binocular visual acuities as measured by the Teller Acuity Cards are worse in premature infants than in full-term infants at the same chronological age. Poor visual acuity in premature infants can be attributed mainly to immaturity of the visual system.
测量早产儿的光栅视力，并与足月儿的光栅视力进行比较。
采用泰勒视力卡片程序，对73名早产儿和73名足月儿在6月龄时进行视力测试。所有早产儿均接受间接检眼镜检查以检测早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）。7名婴儿发生了ROP。早产儿的平均胎龄为33±1.4周，而足月儿为39.9±0.9周。两组的平均出生体重分别为1906±412克和3244±420克。
53.4%的早产儿存在双眼视力受损，而足月儿中仅有11%出现这种情况（p<0.0001）。13.7%的早产儿存在单眼视力受损，相比之下足月儿为2.7%。在早产儿组中，42.9%的ROP患儿和10.6%的非ROP患儿存在单眼视力受损（p=0.0497）。在无ROP的早产儿中，33.3%存在病理性屈光不正，在有ROP的早产儿中这一比例为14.3%。这一差异无统计学意义。在矫正年龄6个月时检查，早产儿的视力与足月儿无差异。
在相同的实际年龄下，通过泰勒视力卡片测量的早产儿单眼和双眼视力均比足月儿差。早产儿视力不佳主要可归因于视觉系统不成熟。
