Weinacht S, Kind C, Mönting J S, Gottlob I
Department of Strabismus and Neuro-Ophthalmology, Kantonsspital Street Gallen, Switzerland.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1999 Feb;40(2):346-53.
To compare development of visual acuity and binocular vision in preterm and full-term infants in a prospective study that used testers masked to subject's gestational age.
Seventy-nine healthy full-term infants, mean gestational age 40 weeks, and 18 low-risk preterm infants, mean gestational age 33 weeks, were examined biweekly between the 44th and 54th weeks of postmenstrual age. Ocular alignment, convergence, fusion, grating acuity, and onset of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) were assessed at each examination.
The mean postnatal ages of onset of ocular alignment, convergence, fusion, grating acuity to 1.6 cycles per degree, and OKN from temporal to nasal and nasal to temporal were, respectively, 5, 7, 7, 11, 6, and 9 weeks for the full-term and 12, 13, 14, 18, 13, and 16 weeks for the preterm infants. The mean postmenstrual ages of onset for the corresponding parameters were 46, 48, 48, 51, 46, and 50 weeks for full-term and 46, 47, 48, 52, 47, and 49 weeks for preterm infants. The onset of all parameters was earlier in full-term infants than in preterm infants of the same postnatal age (P < or = 0.0001). However, no differences were found when the parameters were compared at postmenstrual ages.
Additional visual experience of preterm infants does not influence development of visual acuity or binocular vision during the first months of life as measured from the time of conception.
在一项前瞻性研究中，比较早产儿和足月儿的视力及双眼视觉发育情况，该研究中测试人员对婴儿的胎龄保密。
选取79名健康足月儿（平均胎龄40周）和18名低风险早产儿（平均胎龄33周），在孕龄44周和54周之间每两周进行一次检查。每次检查评估眼位、集合、融合、光栅视力以及视动性眼球震颤（OKN）的起始情况。
足月儿眼位、集合、融合、光栅视力达到每度1.6周波、从颞侧到鼻侧及从鼻侧到颞侧的OKN起始的平均出生后年龄分别为5周、7周、7周、11周、6周和9周，早产儿分别为12周、13周、14周、18周、13周和16周。相应参数的平均孕龄起始时间，足月儿为46周、48周、48周、51周、46周和50周，早产儿为46周、47周、48周、52周、47周和49周。所有参数的起始时间在足月儿中比相同出生后年龄的早产儿更早（P≤0.0001）。然而，在孕龄相同时比较这些参数，未发现差异。
从受孕时间算起，早产儿额外的视觉体验在出生后的头几个月不会影响视力或双眼视觉的发育。
