Krogh Berit Olsen, Symington Lorraine S
Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.
Annu Rev Genet. 2004;38:233-71. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.38.072902.091500.
The process of homologous recombination promotes error-free repair of double-strand breaks and is essential for meiosis. Central to the process of homologous recombination are the RAD52 group genes (RAD50, RAD51, RAD52, RAD54, RDH54/TID1, RAD55, RAD57, RAD59, MRE11, and XRS2), most of which were identified by their requirement for the repair of ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Rad52 group proteins are highly conserved among eukaryotes. Recent studies showing defects in homologous recombination and double-strand break repair in several human cancer-prone syndromes have emphasized the importance of this repair pathway in maintaining genome integrity. Herein, we review recent genetic, biochemical, and structural analyses of the genes and proteins involved in recombination.
同源重组过程促进双链断裂的无差错修复，对减数分裂至关重要。同源重组过程的核心是RAD52基因家族（RAD50、RAD51、RAD52、RAD54、RDH54/TID1、RAD55、RAD57、RAD59、MRE11和XRS2），其中大多数是通过酿酒酵母中电离辐射诱导的DNA损伤修复需求而鉴定出来的。Rad52基因家族蛋白在真核生物中高度保守。最近的研究表明，几种人类易患癌症综合征中同源重组和双链断裂修复存在缺陷，这凸显了该修复途径在维持基因组完整性方面的重要性。在此，我们综述了参与重组的基因和蛋白的近期遗传学、生物化学及结构分析。
