Gisbert J P, Pajares J M
Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Nov 15;20(10):1001-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02203.x.
The urea breath test is a non-invasive, simple and safe test which provides excellent accuracy both for the initial diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and for the confirmation of its eradication after treatment. Some studies have found no differences between urea breath test performed under non-fasting conditions. The simplicity, good tolerance and economy of the citric acid test meal probably make its systematic use advisable. The urea breath test protocol may be performed with relatively low doses (<100 mg) of urea: 75 mg or even 50 mg seem to be sufficient. With the most widely used protocol (with citric acid and 75 mg of urea), excellent accuracy is obtained when breath samples are collected as early as 10-15 min after urea ingestion. A unique and generally proposed cut-off level is not possible because it has to be adapted to different factors, such as the test meal, the dose and type of urea, or the pre-/post-treatment setting. Fortunately, because positive and negative urea breath test results tend to cluster outside of the range between 2 and 5 per thousand, a change in cut-off value within this range would be expected to have little effect on clinical accuracy of the test.
尿素呼气试验是一种无创、简单且安全的检测方法，对于幽门螺杆菌感染的初始诊断以及治疗后根除情况的确认都具有极高的准确性。一些研究发现，非空腹条件下进行的尿素呼气试验并无差异。柠檬酸试验餐的简便性、良好耐受性和经济性可能使其系统应用具有可取性。尿素呼气试验方案可以使用相对低剂量（<100毫克）的尿素来进行：75毫克甚至50毫克似乎就足够了。采用最广泛使用的方案（使用柠檬酸和75毫克尿素），在摄入尿素后10 - 15分钟尽早采集呼气样本时，可获得极高的准确性。由于必须根据不同因素进行调整，例如试验餐、尿素的剂量和类型，或治疗前/后的情况，所以不可能有一个统一且普遍适用的临界值。幸运的是，因为尿素呼气试验的阳性和阴性结果往往集中在千分之二至千分之五范围之外，所以预计在此范围内改变临界值对该检测的临床准确性影响不大。
