Martino F, Angelelli G, Ettorre G C, Macarini L, Patella V, Moretti B, Pesce V, Nardella M
Istituto di Radiologia, Università, Bari.
Radiol Med. 1992 Jan-Feb;83(1-2):43-8.
Sonography is suitable to recognize fluids in the suprapatellar bursa, which can represent an indirect sign of intra-articular knee effusion. In order to obtain the physiologic parameters of suprapatellar bursa, 50 healthy volunteers, 38 sedentary and 12 sportsmen, were evaluated by means of US. The bursa was recognizable in 8/50 cases (16%) with quadriceps in prolapse (mean thickness: 1.8 mm, mean length: 20.5 mm), and in 23/50 cases (46%) with quadriceps in contraction (mean thickness: 2.6 mm, mean length: 22.6 mm). Suprapatellar bursal thickness ranged 1-4 mm, and its length ranged 12-44 mm. The suprapatellar bursa appeared as a well-defined hypoechoic band, cranial to patella, anterior to the distal femoral shaft, and posterior to quadriceps tendon. Quadriceps contraction increases both thickness and length of bursal swelling (1 and 2 mm, respectively, on the average). When sportsmen were compared with sedentary subjects, suprapatellar bursa diameters were observed not to change, but the bursal itself was evident in 3/12 (25%) and in 8/12 (66%) of cases, according to whether the quadriceps was in prolapse or in contraction. Bursal contents were homogeneously anechoic and bursal outline smooth and regular in all cases (23/23). Bursal morphology was symmetric, in 23/23 cases, in length, regularity of outline, and echogenicity of contents. Thickness alone resulted asymmetrical in 2/23 subjects (8%), even though variations were less than or equal to 2 mm. In conclusion, we can consider as pathologic features: thickness greater than 3-4 mm, asymmetry greater than 2 mm, irregular outline, and inhomogeneous contents. These parameters must be examined in pathologic subjects and further research is mandatory.
超声检查适用于识别髌上囊内的液体，这可代表膝关节内积液的间接征象。为了获取髌上囊的生理参数，我们对50名健康志愿者（38名久坐不动者和12名运动员）进行了超声评估。在8/50例（16%）股四头肌松弛的情况下可识别出髌上囊（平均厚度：1.8 mm，平均长度：20.5 mm），在23/50例（46%）股四头肌收缩的情况下可识别出髌上囊（平均厚度：2.6 mm，平均长度：22.6 mm）。髌上囊厚度范围为1 - 4 mm，其长度范围为12 - 44 mm。髌上囊表现为一条界限清晰的低回声带，位于髌骨上方、股骨干远端前方和股四头肌肌腱后方。股四头肌收缩会使髌上囊肿胀的厚度和长度均增加（平均分别增加1和2 mm）。将运动员与久坐不动者进行比较时，观察到髌上囊直径没有变化，但根据股四头肌是松弛还是收缩，髌上囊在3/12例（25%）和8/12例（66%）的情况下明显可见。在所有病例（23/23）中，髌上囊内容物均为均匀无回声，囊壁轮廓光滑规则。在23/23例病例中，髌上囊的形态在长度、轮廓规则性和内容物回声方面是对称的。仅厚度在2/23例受试者（8%）中表现为不对称，尽管差异小于或等于2 mm。总之，我们可将以下视为病理特征：厚度大于3 - 4 mm、不对称大于2 mm、轮廓不规则以及内容物不均匀。必须对病理受试者检查这些参数，进一步的研究是必要的。
