Nowak B F, Dawson D, Basson L, Deveney M, Powell M D
School of Aquaculture, Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute, University of Tasmania, Locked-Bag 1-370, Launceston 7250, Tasmania, Australia.
J Fish Dis. 2004 Dec;27(12):709-17. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2004.00593.x.
This study surveyed conditions in the gills of wild marine fish in Tasmania to determine potential interactions between wild and cultured fish. Wild marine fish of 12 species were captured from three Atlantic salmon farm sites and three reference sites around Tasmania. The survey concentrated on three species, red cod, Pseudophycis bachus, sand flathead, Platycephalus bassensis, and jack mackerel, Trachurus declivus. Seventy-six per cent of salmon pens contained wild fish species. The number of species found in a pen ranged from one to nine and the number of individuals ranged from one to 23. Trichodinids were prevalent and occurred on seven of the 13 species examined. Trichodina occurred on the gills of all but one specimen of red cod. Monogenean gill flukes were observed on all three major species sampled and were abundant on sand flathead. Other parasites and conditions observed in the survey included metacercariae of digenean trematodes, epitheliocystis and cysts of unknown origin. Infestations of trichodinids on red cod and monogenean gill flukes on sand flathead were significantly more intense at farm sites than at reference sites. Atlantic salmon sampled at the same time from the farms were only affected by amoebic gill disease and isopods.
本研究调查了塔斯马尼亚野生海洋鱼类鳃部的状况，以确定野生鱼类与养殖鱼类之间的潜在相互作用。从塔斯马尼亚周围的三个大西洋鲑鱼养殖场和三个参考地点捕获了12种野生海洋鱼类。调查集中在三种鱼类上，即红鳕鱼（Pseudophycis bachus）、沙平头鱼（Platycephalus bassensis）和竹荚鱼（Trachurus declivus）。76%的鲑鱼养殖网箱中有野生鱼类物种。一个网箱中发现的物种数量从1种到9种不等，个体数量从1只到23只不等。车轮虫很普遍，在所检查的13个物种中的7个物种上出现。除了一只红鳕鱼标本外，所有红鳕鱼的鳃上都有车轮虫。在所采样的所有三种主要鱼类上都观察到了单殖吸虫鳃吸虫，并且在沙平头鱼上数量很多。调查中观察到的其他寄生虫和状况包括复殖吸虫的后尾蚴、上皮囊肿和来源不明的囊肿。在养殖场，红鳕鱼上的车轮虫感染和沙平头鱼上的单殖吸虫鳃吸虫感染比在参考地点明显更严重。同时从养殖场采样的大西洋鲑鱼仅受到阿米巴鳃病和等足类动物的影响。
