Hanssen K F, Jenssen T
Medisinsk avdeling, Aker sykehus, Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 1992 Mar 10;112(7):912-4.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by impaired insulin release and sensitivity, elevated blood sugar and unfavourable changes in blood lipids. Insulin resistance and adverse blood lipids are also seen in the state of essential hypertension (the metabolic syndrome). Patients should learn to measure their own blood sugar. Treatment usually begins with regulation of the diet for 3-6 months. If this treatment fails, the next step is to give oral antidiabetic agents. Insulin treatment is required 1) when blood sugar is excessively high; 2) when oral agents fail; and 3) in case of increased need of insulin due to intercurrent disease. Antihypertensive treatment should not have adverse metabolic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes.
2型糖尿病的特征是胰岛素释放和敏感性受损、血糖升高以及血脂出现不良变化。在原发性高血压（代谢综合征）状态下也可见胰岛素抵抗和不良血脂情况。患者应学会自行测量血糖。治疗通常从饮食调节开始，持续3至6个月。如果这种治疗失败，下一步是给予口服抗糖尿病药物。在以下情况需要胰岛素治疗：1）血糖过高时；2）口服药物无效时；3）因并发疾病导致胰岛素需求增加时。抗高血压治疗不应在2型糖尿病患者中产生不良代谢影响。
