[The past and future of psychiatry and mental treatment in Japan from the standpoint of biological psychiatry].

The history of academic meetings, research institutes, and governmental or private grants, as well as physiological, biochemical, pharmacological, histostructural, brain imaging, animal model, and molecular genetic studies related to biological psychiatry in Japan were reviewed. We expect to be able to elucidate individually different factors related to an attack of illness or relapse. In the treatment of functional mental disorders, future development depends on new drug creations that do not have any side effects or drug-dependence characteristics. Special attention should be paid to new anti-depressants or anti-anxiety drugs that have prompt euphoric effects. Instruments attached to a patient should be as small as possible to avoid psychological stress, and a telemetry feature is desirable to enable recording even during an acute severe stage of behavior disorder. To avoid fixation to the present treatment manual based on EBM (evidence-based medicine), new hypotheses should be investigated. I suggest my own plan in this speech.