Almgren Gunnar
University of Washington, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2005 Feb;20(2):218-24. doi: 10.1177/0886260504267741.
This brief essay outlines the progression over the last 20 years of ecological theories of interpersonal violence. The period between the present and the early 1980s began with a revival of cultural explanations of violence that paralleled the introduction of the neo-conservative social science and then witnessed a rediscovery of deficits based structural explanations of interpersonal violence under the broad rubric of social disorganization theory. The essay concludes with a more optimistic appraisal of recent refinements of social disorganization theory that consider the mediating effects of collective efficacy on urban crime and interpersonal violence.
这篇短文概述了人际暴力生态理论在过去20年中的发展历程。从现在到20世纪80年代初这段时间，始于对暴力的文化解释的复兴，这与新保守主义社会科学的引入同时发生，随后在社会失序理论的宽泛框架下，人们重新发现了基于缺陷的人际暴力结构解释。文章最后对社会失序理论的最新改进进行了更为乐观的评估，这些改进考虑了集体效能对城市犯罪和人际暴力的中介作用。
