Huang Terry T-K, Howarth Nancy C, Lin Biing-Hwan, Roberts Susan B, McCrory Megan A
Jean Mayer U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Obes Res. 2004 Nov;12(11):1875-85. doi: 10.1038/oby.2004.233.
We examined relationships of eating patterns and reported energy intake (rEI) with BMI percentile in U.S. children.
Two 24-hour dietary recalls from the Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994 to 1996 and 1998 (1005 boys, 990 girls) were averaged, and children were categorized into three age groups: 3 to 5 years (n = 1077), 6 to 11 years (n = 537), and 12 to 19 years (n = 381). Physiologically implausible reports due to reporting bias or abnormal intake (rEI outside +/-18% to 23% of predicted energy requirements; pER) were identified.
rEI averaged 109 +/- 34% and 100 +/- 10% of pER in the total and plausible samples, respectively. EI was overreported more in younger children and underreported more in overweight older children. Children with plausible rEI (45.3% of sample) averaged 4.7 eating occasions/d, 589 kcal/meal, 223 kcal/snack, and 2038 kcal/d. rEI was not associated with BMI percentile in the total sample. In the plausible sample, rEI, meal portion size, and meal energy were positively associated with BMI percentile in boys 6 to 11 years and in children 12 to 19 years. No relationships were found in children 3 to 5 years and girls 6 to 11 years. Relationships were more consistent and stronger in the plausible compared with the total sample.
Excluding implausible dietary reports may be necessary for discerning dietary associations with BMI percentile. EI and meal, but not snack, patterns may play a quantitatively greater role in weight regulation as children age.
我们研究了美国儿童的饮食模式和报告的能量摄入量（rEI）与BMI百分位数之间的关系。
对1994年至1996年及1998年个人食物摄入量持续调查中的两次24小时饮食回忆（1005名男孩，990名女孩）进行平均，并将儿童分为三个年龄组：3至5岁（n = 1077）、6至11岁（n = 537）和12至19岁（n = 381）。识别出因报告偏差或异常摄入量（rEI超出预测能量需求（pER）的±18%至23%）导致的生理上不合理的报告。
在总样本和合理样本中，rEI分别平均为pER的109±34%和100±10%。幼儿中能量摄入量报告偏高的情况更多，而超重大龄儿童中能量摄入量报告偏低的情况更多。rEI合理的儿童（占样本的45.3%）平均每天进食4.7次，每餐589千卡，每次零食223千卡，每天2038千卡。在总样本中，rEI与BMI百分位数无关。在合理样本中，6至11岁男孩和12至19岁儿童的rEI、餐量和餐能量与BMI百分位数呈正相关。在3至5岁儿童和6至11岁女孩中未发现相关性。与总样本相比，合理样本中的关系更一致且更强。
排除不合理的饮食报告可能对于识别饮食与BMI百分位数之间的关联是必要的。随着儿童年龄增长，能量摄入和餐食模式（而非零食模式）可能在体重调节中发挥更大的定量作用。
