Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Behavioural Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Nutrients. 2023 Dec 14;15(24):5113. doi: 10.3390/nu15245113.
In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated nutrient intake adequacy in 4450 Japanese people aged 1-79 years. Dietary data was collected through non-consecutive 8-day weighed dietary records. Usual nutrient intakes from foods and beverages were estimated using the Multiple Source Method. Participant proportions with intakes below and above the Japanese Dietary Reference Intakes (2020) were calculated. Usual intakes of most nutrients were below the Estimated Average Requirement; calcium showed a high percentage of inadequacy across all sex and age groups (29-88%), and iron showed a high inadequacy among females aged 12-64 years (79-95%). The percentages of energy from protein and carbohydrates, dietary fibre, and potassium were typically below the lower limit of the Tentative Dietary Goal for Preventing Lifestyle-related Diseases (DG). Furthermore, over 20% of the participants exceeded the upper limit of the DG for the percentages of energy from total and saturated fats, and over 88% exceeded the upper limit of the DG for sodium. Japanese children and adults could improve their nutrient intake by increasing calcium, iron, dietary fibre, and potassium and reducing total and saturated fats and sodium. These findings can inform policies and interventions to improve nutrient intake in Japan.
在这项横断面研究中，我们评估了 4450 名 1-79 岁日本人群的营养摄入充足情况。通过非连续 8 天的称重膳食记录收集膳食数据。使用多源法估计食物和饮料中常规营养素的摄入量。计算了摄入量低于和高于日本膳食参考摄入量（2020 年）的参与者比例。大多数营养素的日常摄入量低于估计平均需求量；钙在所有性别和年龄组中都显示出高不足率（29-88%），而铁在 12-64 岁的女性中显示出高不足率（79-95%）。蛋白质和碳水化合物、膳食纤维和钾的能量百分比通常低于预防与生活方式相关疾病的暂定膳食目标（DG）的下限。此外，超过 20%的参与者的总脂肪和饱和脂肪能量百分比超过 DG 的上限，超过 88%的参与者的钠能量百分比超过 DG 的上限。日本儿童和成年人可以通过增加钙、铁、膳食纤维和钾，减少总脂肪和饱和脂肪以及钠的摄入量来改善其营养摄入。这些发现可以为改善日本的营养摄入提供政策和干预措施的信息。
