Greber U F, Fornerod M
Zoologisches Institut der Universität Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2005;285:109-38. doi: 10.1007/3-540-26764-6_4.
The separation of transcription in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm requires nucleo-cytoplasmic exchange of proteins and RNAs. Viruses have evolved strategies to capitalize on the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking machinery of the cell. Here, we first discuss the principal mechanisms of receptor-mediated nuclear import of proteinaceous cargo through the nuclear pore complex, the gate keeper of the cell nucleus. We then focus on viral strategies leading to nuclear import of genomes and subgenomic particles. Nucleo-cytoplasmic transport is directly important for those viruses that are replicating in the nucleus, such as DNA tumor viruses and RNA viruses, including parvoviruses, the DNA retroviruses hepadnaviruses, RNA-retrotransposons and retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpesviruses, papovaviruses, and particular negative-sense RNA viruses, such as the orthomyxovirus influenza virus. The viral strategies of nuclear import turn out to be surprisingly diverse. Their investigation continues to give insight into how nucleic acids pass in and out of the nucleus.
转录在细胞核中进行而翻译在细胞质中进行，这一过程需要蛋白质和RNA在细胞核与细胞质之间进行交换。病毒已经进化出利用细胞的核质运输机制的策略。在此，我们首先讨论通过细胞核孔复合体（细胞核的守门人）进行的受体介导的蛋白质类货物的核输入的主要机制。然后，我们将重点关注导致基因组和亚基因组颗粒核输入的病毒策略。核质运输对于那些在细胞核中复制的病毒直接具有重要意义，如DNA肿瘤病毒和RNA病毒，包括细小病毒、DNA逆转录病毒嗜肝DNA病毒、RNA逆转座子和逆转录病毒、腺病毒、疱疹病毒、乳头瘤多瘤空泡病毒，以及特定的负链RNA病毒，如正粘病毒流感病毒。事实证明，病毒的核输入策略惊人地多样。对它们的研究不断为深入了解核酸如何进出细胞核提供线索。
