Tarsal tunnel syndrome in runners.

Tarsal tunnel syndrome has only recently been noted to be a cause of foot and ankle pain in runners. The tarsal tunnel is located just posterior to the medial malleolus and may compress the posterior tibial nerve as it passes through it, producing numbness and paraesthesia in the foot. While the aetiology of this condition is frequently multifactorial, abnormal foot and ankle mechanics and excessive training tend to be the most commonly cited aetiological factors. Successful treatment of tarsal tunnel syndrome requires an accurate diagnosis by differentiating it from plantar fasciitis and Achilles tendinitis and then making proper biomechanical and training changes in the runner. Conservative treatment is generally successful, but occasionally surgical treatment is required to decompress the nerve.