Xu Xiaojiang, Berglund Larry G, Cheuvront Samuel N, Endrusick Thomas L, Kolka Margaret A
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Biophysics and Biomedical Modeling Division, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2004 Dec;75(12):1065-9.
A prospective approach to save energy expenditure for a liquid cooling garment (LCG) system is to provide intermittent regional cooling (IRC) to the human body instead of continuous cooling. In order to gain insight into IRC mechanisms, a mathematical model was developed to simulate thermal interaction between the human and IRC.
Human thermoregulatory responses were simulated by a previously validated six-cylinder mathematical model. Two equations were derived from the energy balance principle to estimate LCG heat removal during ON (coolant circulation) and OFF (no coolant circulation) periods. The heat removal equations were incorporated into the boundary equations of the human model. The augmented model was used to predict human thermal responses under different IRC conditions.
The model was evaluated against experimental results with IRC in warm environments. The comparison demonstrated that the model predictions of the core temperature and mean skin temperature were reliable within root mean square deviations of +/- 0.10 degrees C and 0.44 degrees C, respectively. Simulation analysis showed that IRC has the potential to reduce power requirements. Modeling is an effective alternative to predict efficacy when actual responses cannot be attempted. A systematic approach, consisting of manikin measurements, physiological experiments, and mathematical modeling can expedite the research and development of LCG systems.
为液体冷却服装（LCG）系统节省能源消耗的一种前瞻性方法是对人体提供间歇性局部冷却（IRC）而非持续冷却。为深入了解IRC机制，开发了一个数学模型来模拟人体与IRC之间的热相互作用。
通过先前验证的六圆柱体数学模型模拟人体体温调节反应。根据能量平衡原理推导了两个方程，以估算在开启（冷却液循环）和关闭（无冷却液循环）期间LCG的散热情况。将散热方程纳入人体模型的边界方程。使用增强模型预测不同IRC条件下的人体热反应。
该模型根据温暖环境中IRC的实验结果进行了评估。比较结果表明，模型对核心温度和平均皮肤温度的预测分别在均方根偏差±0.10℃和0.44℃范围内是可靠的。模拟分析表明，IRC有降低功率需求的潜力。当无法进行实际反应时，建模是预测功效的有效替代方法。由人体模型测量、生理实验和数学建模组成的系统方法可以加快LCG系统的研发。
