Jarvis Paul, Robinson Colin
Department of Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Curr Biol. 2004 Dec 29;14(24):R1064-77. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.049.
The vast majority of the approximately 3000 different proteins required to build a fully functional chloroplast are encoded by the nuclear genome and translated on cytosolic ribosomes. As chloroplasts are each surrounded by a double-membrane system, or envelope, sophisticated mechanisms are necessary to mediate the import of these nucleus-encoded proteins into chloroplasts. Once inside the organelle, many chloroplast proteins engage one of four additional protein sorting mechanisms that direct targeting to the internal thylakoid membrane system.
构建一个功能完备的叶绿体所需的大约3000种不同蛋白质中，绝大多数是由核基因组编码，并在细胞质核糖体上翻译的。由于每个叶绿体都被一个双膜系统或包膜所包围，因此需要复杂的机制来介导这些核编码蛋白质导入叶绿体。一旦进入细胞器内部，许多叶绿体蛋白质会参与四种额外蛋白质分选机制中的一种，这些机制将蛋白质导向内部类囊体膜系统。
