Bolten W W, Waldorf-Bolten E
Rheumaklinik Wiesbaden, Klaus Miehlke-Klinik.
Versicherungsmedizin. 2004 Dec 1;56(4):163-9.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototype of a systemic autoimmune disorder, in which immune complexes or cytotoxic antibodies give rise to tissue damage and organ failure, which often results in death. Due to more sensitive diagnostic tools and more sufficient therapeutic methods, the five-year survival rate in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus has improved dramatically during the past decades from less than 50% to 95%. Mortality is still 4 to 5 times higher and is mostly caused by uncontrolled disease flares, infections, and thromboses. Risk factors influencing the course of SLE and favouring the higher mortality are serum antibodies (anti-dsDNA, anticardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant), infections, hypertension, osteoporosis with fractures, cytopenia, renal involvement, higher age at onset, and genetic factors. Morbidity and social consequences are conducted by individual multisystemic disease manifestations.
系统性红斑狼疮（SLE）是一种系统性自身免疫性疾病的典型代表，在该疾病中，免疫复合物或细胞毒性抗体可导致组织损伤和器官衰竭，常导致死亡。由于诊断工具更加灵敏，治疗方法更加充分，在过去几十年中，系统性红斑狼疮患者的五年生存率已从不到50%大幅提高至95%。然而，死亡率仍然高出4至5倍，主要由疾病发作失控、感染和血栓形成所致。影响SLE病程并导致较高死亡率的危险因素包括血清抗体（抗双链DNA、抗心磷脂、狼疮抗凝物）、感染、高血压、伴有骨折的骨质疏松症、血细胞减少、肾脏受累、发病年龄较大以及遗传因素。发病率和社会后果由个体多系统疾病表现决定。
