Zimmermann Michael B, Chaouki Nourredine, Hurrell Richard F
Human Nutrition Laboratory, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, Switzerland.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jan;81(1):115-21. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.115.
In many developing countries, cereal and legume-based diets contain low amounts of bioavailable iron, which may increase the risk of iron deficiency.
The objective was to measure change in iron status in Moroccan children who consumed their habitual diet containing low amounts of bioavailable iron.
The design was a prospective, longitudinal, free-living cohort study in iron-replete, nonanemic 6-10-y-old children (n = 126). Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and transferrin receptor were measured at baseline. The children then consumed their habitual cereal and legume-based diet for 15 mo, when their iron status was retested. We used weighed food records and direct food analysis to calculate dietary iron intake and iron bioavailability. On the basis of the change in hemoglobin and body iron stores calculated from the serum transferrin receptor-to-ferritin ratio, iron balance and iron absorption were estimated over the 15-mo period.
Mean daily iron intake was 10.8 mg/d, 97% of which was nonheme iron. Estimated nonheme-iron bioavailability from algorithms was 1.0-4.3% adjusted for low body iron stores. Over 15 mo, the mean change in total body iron was -142 mg, and mean iron absorption was estimated to be 0.22 mg/d, or 2% of dietary iron. Mean hemoglobin concentration decreased 12 g/L. At 15 mo, 75% of the cohort had deficits in tissue iron, and one-third had mild iron deficiency anemia.
Low iron bioavailability from legume and cereal-based diets is a cause of iron deficiency anemia in children in rural Africa.
在许多发展中国家，以谷物和豆类为主的饮食中生物可利用铁含量较低，这可能会增加缺铁风险。
本研究旨在测量食用低生物可利用铁的习惯饮食的摩洛哥儿童铁状态的变化。
本研究为前瞻性、纵向、自由生活队列研究，对象为铁储备充足、无贫血的6至10岁儿童（n = 126）。在基线时测量血红蛋白、血清铁蛋白和转铁蛋白受体。然后，这些儿童食用以谷物和豆类为主的习惯饮食15个月，之后再次检测他们的铁状态。我们使用称重食物记录和直接食物分析来计算膳食铁摄入量和铁生物利用率。根据血清转铁蛋白受体与铁蛋白比值计算出的血红蛋白和体内铁储备变化，估算15个月期间的铁平衡和铁吸收情况。
每日平均铁摄入量为10.8毫克/天，其中97%为非血红素铁。根据算法估计，针对低体铁储备调整后的非血红素铁生物利用率为1.0 - 4.3%。在15个月期间，全身铁的平均变化为 - 142毫克，估计平均铁吸收量为0.22毫克/天，占膳食铁的2%。平均血红蛋白浓度下降了12克/升。在15个月时，75%的队列存在组织铁缺乏，三分之一的儿童患有轻度缺铁性贫血。
豆类和谷物为主的饮食中铁生物利用率低是非洲农村儿童缺铁性贫血的一个原因。
