Szymanski Daniel B
Agronomy Department, Purdue University, Lilly Hall of Life Sciences, 915 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2054, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2005 Feb;8(1):103-12. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2004.11.004.
Actin filaments comprise an essential cytoskeletal array that organizes the cytoplasm during growth and cell division. In growing cells, actin filaments carry out many functions. Actin filaments position the endomembrane system and act as a substrate on which organelle motility occurs. Other actin-filament arrays appear to be more dynamic and to reorganize in response to growth signals and external cues. The diverse cellular functions of the actin cytoskeleton are mediated by actin-binding proteins that nucleate, destabilize, and bundle actin filaments. The distorted trichome morphology mutants provide a simple genetic system in which to study mechanisms of actin-dependent morphogenesis. Recent results from several groups indicate that 'distorted group' genes encode subunits of the actin-related protein (Arp)2/3 and WAVE complexes, and function in a cell morphogenesis pathway.
肌动蛋白丝构成了一种重要的细胞骨架阵列，在细胞生长和分裂过程中组织细胞质。在生长中的细胞中，肌动蛋白丝执行多种功能。肌动蛋白丝定位内膜系统，并作为细胞器运动发生的底物。其他肌动蛋白丝阵列似乎更具动态性，并会根据生长信号和外部线索进行重组。肌动蛋白细胞骨架的多种细胞功能由肌动蛋白结合蛋白介导，这些蛋白可使肌动蛋白丝成核、使其不稳定并形成束状。扭曲的毛状体形态突变体提供了一个简单的遗传系统，用于研究肌动蛋白依赖性形态发生的机制。几个研究小组最近的结果表明，“扭曲组”基因编码肌动蛋白相关蛋白（Arp）2/3和WAVE复合体的亚基，并在细胞形态发生途径中发挥作用。
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