Joshi S K, Sharma S N, Singhania D L, Sain R S
All India Coordinated Wheat and Barley Improvement Project, Rajasthan Agriculture University, Agricultural Research Station, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Hereditas. 2004;141(2):115-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1601-5223.2004.01730.x.
The F(1) and F(2) progenies of a ten-parent diallel cross (excluding reciprocals) of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) were analyzed for combining ability for quantitative and quality traits. The results indicated significant differences among the parents for general combining ability (gca) and crosses for specific combining ability (sca) for all the characters studied. The gca and sca components of variance were significant for all the traits. However, the gca component of variance was predominant indicating the predominance of additive gene effects for the traits studied. Among the parents Durgapura 65, HD 2285, Lok-1, Raj 1972 and HD 2329 were the best general combiners for grain yield and average to high combiners for tillers per plant, grain yield per spike, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. The best specific crosses for grain yield were Sonalika x WH 157, HD 2428 x Durgapura 65, Durgapura 65 x Sonalika, HD 2428 x Lok-1 and CPAN 3004 x Raj 1972. The parent Raj 1972, Lok-1 and HD 2285 were the best general combiners for grain yield and protein content, however, Raj 3077 was the best general combiner for protein content. The most suitable specific crosses for protein content were HD 2329 x HD 2285, HD 2428 x Raj 1972 and CPAN 3004 x WH 157. Most of the specific crosses for grain yield as well as protein content involved high x average, average x average and average x poor general combiners. To ensure further increase in grain yield along with high protein, combinations of desirable yield components is advocated. Inclusion of F(1) hybrids showing high sca and having parents with good gca, into multiple crosses and/or bi-parental mating, or diallel selective mating could prove a worthwhile approach for further improvement of grain yield in bread wheat.
对六倍体小麦（普通小麦Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell）的十亲本双列杂交（不包括反交）的F1和F2后代进行了数量性状和品质性状的配合力分析。结果表明，在所研究的所有性状中，亲本间的一般配合力（gca）存在显著差异，杂交组合间的特殊配合力（sca）也存在显著差异。所有性状的gca和sca方差分量均显著。然而，gca方差分量占主导地位，表明所研究性状的加性基因效应占主导。在亲本中，杜尔加普拉65、HD 2285、洛克1、拉杰1972和HD 2329是籽粒产量的最佳一般配合者，是单株分蘖数、每穗粒数、穗粒数和千粒重的平均至高配合者。籽粒产量的最佳特殊杂交组合是索纳利卡×WH 157、HD 2428×杜尔加普拉65、杜尔加普拉65×索纳利卡、HD 2428×洛克1和CPAN 3004×拉杰1972。亲本拉杰1972、洛克1和HD 2285是籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的最佳一般配合者，然而，拉杰3077是蛋白质含量的最佳一般配合者。蛋白质含量最适宜的特殊杂交组合是HD 2329×HD 2285、HD 2428×拉杰1972和CPAN 3004×WH 157。大多数籽粒产量和蛋白质含量的特殊杂交组合涉及高配合者×平均配合者、平均配合者×平均配合者和平均配合者×低配合者。为确保籽粒产量进一步提高并同时提高蛋白质含量，提倡将理想产量构成因素进行组合。将表现出高sca且亲本具有良好gca的F1杂种纳入多交和/或双亲亲本杂交，或双列选择交配，可能是进一步提高面包小麦籽粒产量的一种有效方法。
