Istituto Sperimentale per la Cerealicoltura, Via Mulino No. 3, 20079, S. Angelo Lodigiano, MI, Italy.
Theor Appl Genet. 1994 Dec;89(7-8):975-81. doi: 10.1007/BF00224527.
Combining ability for grain yield, yield components, and several agronomic and qualitative traits, was studied in a seven-parent diallel cross. The 21 F1 hybrids and the seven parental cultivars were grown in replicated plot trials sown at normal seed density in three locations in the years 1992 and 1993. The effects of general combining ability (gca) were highly significant for all the traits measured with the exception of seeds per spikelet, while the specific combining ability (sca) effects were statistically significant for grain yield, plant height, heading time, for all the yield components, and for the Chopin alveographic parameters P and P/L ratio. For the majority of the traits measured gca was greater than sca. Standard heterosis (sh) for grain yield, i.e., the superiority of the hybrids over the best pure line cultivar(cv Eridano), was only 3.3%, confirming previous finding which indicate sh effects in the range of 10%. The most interesting hybrid derived from the cross Maestra x Golia revealed a yield level approaching that of the highest yielding cv Eridano but appeared more interesting because of its reduced plant height and superior bread-making quality, signifying a selling price 30% higher. It was concluded, therefore, that the first generation of hybrids, likely to appear on the market in the next few years, will be characterized by a yield potential only slightly superior to that of the best standard cvs but associated with other desirable traits, such as bread-making quality.
在一个七亲本的完全双列杂交中，对粒产量、产量构成因素以及几个农艺和品质性状的杂种优势进行了研究。在 1992 年和 1993 年的三个地点，以正常播种密度播种，在重复小区试验中种植了 21 个 F1 杂种及其 7 个亲本品种。除了每个小穗的种子数外，所有测量性状的一般配合力（gca）效应均高度显著，而特殊配合力（sca）效应在粒产量、株高、抽穗时间、所有产量构成因素以及肖邦 alveographic 参数 P 和 P/L 比方面均具有统计学意义。对于大多数测量的性状，gca 大于 sca。粒产量的标准杂种优势（sh），即杂种相对于最佳纯系品种（cv Eridano）的优势，仅为 3.3%，证实了之前的研究结果，表明 sh 效应在 10%的范围内。最有趣的杂种源自 Maestra x Golia 的杂交，其产量水平接近产量最高的 cv Eridano，但因其株高降低和面包制作品质优越而更具吸引力，这意味着销售价格高出 30%。因此，可以得出结论，未来几年可能会出现在市场上的第一代杂种，其产量潜力仅略高于最佳标准品种，但具有其他理想性状，如面包制作品质。
