捷克共和国的梅毒和淋病。

Zákoucká H, Polanecký V, Kastánková V

National Reference Laboratory for Diagnostics of Syphilis, Dermatovenerological Clinic, General Faculty Hospital Prague, Czech Republic.

Euro Surveill. 2004 Dec;9(12):18-20.

Syphilis remains a public health problem in the Czech Republic and worldwide. The Czech Republic--until 1993 a part of Czechoslovakia--has a long tradition in public health activities, and STI surveillance is mainly focused on the infections traditionally called venereal diseases--syphilis, gonorrhoea, chancroid, and lymphogranuloma venereum. Campaigns from the early 1950s, were successful in controlling syphilis and gonorrhoea; and chancroid and lymphogranuloma venereum infections are extremely rare. In late 1980s, a low incidence of newly reported syphilis cases was achieved (100-200 cases annually), while around 6500 cases of gonorrhoea were recorded annually during the same period. Health care and prevention of STI diseases in the Czech Republic are based on close cooperation between clinical departments and laboratory and epidemiological services of Environmental Health Offices. Annual statistics showing data on reported cases of 'venereal diseases', based on ICD-10 codes, are available from 1959. Separate statistical data on other STIs are not available, and aggregated numbers only for Chlamydia trachomatis infections have been presented annually since 2000. Following the political and social changes in the Czech community in 1989, a distinct increase of syphilis was recorded. Between 50% and 60% of notified cases were classified as late latent or of unknown duration. The continuing annual occurrence of congenital syphilis (7-18 cases per year) reported during the 1990s has also been a very serious phenomenon. Cases have been concentrated in large urban areas with a high level of commercial sex activity, and a high proportion of cases is also noted in refugees. While the annual incidence of gonorrhoea gradually decreased from 1994 to 2001 (from 28.5 to 8.9 per 100,000 population), the incidence of syphilis increased in this period from 3.6 to 9.6 per 100,000 population (the highest value was 13.4 in 2001) and in 2000, for the first time in many years, it exceeded the incidence of gonorrhoea.

梅毒在捷克共和国乃至全球范围内仍是一个公共卫生问题。捷克共和国（1993年前是捷克斯洛伐克的一部分）在公共卫生活动方面有着悠久的传统，性传播感染监测主要集中在传统上称为性病的感染——梅毒、淋病、软下疳和性病性淋巴肉芽肿。20世纪50年代初的运动成功地控制了梅毒和淋病；软下疳和性病性淋巴肉芽肿感染极为罕见。20世纪80年代末，新报告的梅毒病例发病率较低（每年100 - 200例），而同期每年记录的淋病病例约为6500例。捷克共和国的性传播感染疾病的医疗保健和预防工作基于临床科室与环境卫生办公室的实验室及流行病学服务部门之间的密切合作。自1959年起可获取基于国际疾病分类第十版（ICD - 10）编码的“性病”报告病例年度统计数据。其他性传播感染没有单独的统计数据，自2000年起仅每年公布沙眼衣原体感染的汇总数据。1989年捷克社会发生政治和社会变革后，梅毒发病率显著上升。50%至60%的通报病例被归类为晚期潜伏梅毒或病程不明的梅毒。20世纪90年代持续每年报告的先天性梅毒病例（每年7 - 18例）也是一个非常严重的现象。病例集中在商业性活动水平较高的大城市地区，难民中的病例比例也很高。虽然淋病的年发病率从1994年到2001年逐渐下降（从每10万人28.5例降至8.9例），但同期梅毒发病率从每10万人3.6例增至9.6例（2001年最高值为13.4例），2000年梅毒发病率多年来首次超过淋病发病率。