Skurvydas Albertas
Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, Sporto 6, 44221 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2005;41(1):7-16.
The following methodological errors are observed in biomedical sciences: paradigmatic ones; those of exaggerated search for certainty; science dehumanisation; deterministic and linearity; those of making conclusions; errors of reductionism or quality decomposition as well as exaggerated enlargement; errors connected with discarding odd; unexpected or awkward facts; those of exaggerated mathematization; isolation of science; the error of "common sense"; Ceteris Paribus law's ("other things being equal" laws) error; "youth" and common sense; inflexibility of criteria of the truth; errors of restricting the sources of truth and ways of searching for truth; the error connected with wisdom gained post factum; the errors of wrong interpretation of research mission; "laziness" to repeat the experiment as well as the errors of coordination of errors. One of the basic aims for the present-day scholars of biomedicine is, therefore, mastering the new non-linear, holistic, complex way of thinking that will, undoubtedly, enable one to make less errors doing research. The aim of "scientific travelling" will be achieved with greater probability if the "travelling" itself is performed with great probability.
范式性错误;过度追求确定性的错误;科学的非人性化;决定论和线性思维;得出结论的错误;还原论或质量分解以及过度放大的错误;与摒弃奇怪、意外或棘手事实相关的错误;过度数学化的错误;科学的孤立;“常识”的错误;“其他条件相同”定律(“其他条件不变”定律)的错误;“年轻”与常识;真理标准的僵化;限制真理来源和寻求真理方式的错误;与事后获得的智慧相关的错误;对研究使命错误解读的错误;重复实验的“懒惰”以及错误协调的错误。因此,当今生物医学学者的基本目标之一是掌握新的非线性、整体、复杂的思维方式,这无疑将使人们在做研究时少犯错误。如果“科学之旅”本身成功的可能性很大,那么“科学之旅”的目标就更有可能实现。