Mishara Brian L, Weisstub David N
Centre for Research and Intervention on Suicide and Euthanasia, Department of Psychology, University of Quebec at Montreal, CP 8888, Succ. Centre Ville, Montreal (Quebec), Canada H3C 3P8.
Int J Law Psychiatry. 2005 Jan-Feb;28(1):23-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2004.12.006.
Moralist, libertarian and relativist ethical positions concerning suicide and its prevention are presented in order to clarify premises upon which ethical issues in suicide research may be resolved. Ethical concerns are differentiated from legal considerations and the implications of the vulnerability of suicidology research participants are discussed. Specific issues that arise in design, choice of participants, interpretation, diffusion of results and evaluative research are treated. These include: experimental methodologies, obtaining informed consent, deception and disclosure, studying innovative and unproven interventions, unknown consequences of participation, rescue criteria, disclosure of information to third parties, research with special populations, risks in publicizing results and measuring the value of human life. When specific legal obligations are lacking, ethical premises concerning the acceptability of suicide and obligations to intervene may influence research protocols.
本文介绍了关于自杀及其预防的道德主义、自由主义和相对主义伦理立场，以阐明自杀研究中伦理问题得以解决的前提。伦理问题与法律考量有所区分，并讨论了自杀学研究参与者易受伤害性的影响。文中还探讨了设计、参与者选择、解释、结果传播及评估研究中出现的具体问题。这些问题包括：实验方法、获得知情同意、欺骗与披露、研究创新且未经证实的干预措施、参与的未知后果、救援标准、向第三方披露信息、针对特殊人群的研究、公布结果的风险以及衡量人类生命的价值。当缺乏具体法律义务时，关于自杀可接受性及干预义务的伦理前提可能会影响研究方案。
